The Subtle Balance between Lipolysis and Lipogenesis: A Critical Point in Metabolic Homeostasis

Nutrients - Tập 7 Số 11 - Trang 9453-9474
Chiara Saponaro1,2, Melania Gaggini3,4, Fabrizia Carli5, Amalia Gastaldelli6
1Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. [email protected].
2Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. [email protected].
3Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. [email protected].
4Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Molecolare Medica e di Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [email protected].
5Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. [email protected].
6Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. [email protected].

Tóm tắt

Excessive accumulation of lipids can lead to lipotoxicity, cell dysfunction and alteration in metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. This is now a recognized risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The causes for lipotoxicity are not only a high fat diet but also excessive lipolysis, adipogenesis and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The aims of this review are to investigate the subtle balances that underlie lipolytic, lipogenic and oxidative pathways, to evaluate critical points and the complexities of these processes and to better understand which are the metabolic derangements resulting from their imbalance, such as type 2 diabetes and non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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