The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale

Psychology of Women Quarterly - Tập 20 Số 2 - Trang 181-215 - 1996
Nita Mary McKinley1, Janet Shibley Hyde2
1University of Wisconsin, Platteville
2University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tóm tắt

Using feminist theory about the social construction of the female body, a scale was developed and validated to measure objectified body consciousness (OBC) in young women ( N = 502) and middle-aged women ( N = 151). Scales used were (a) surveillance (viewing the body as an outside observer), (b) body shame (feeling shame when the body does not conform), and (c) appearance control beliefs. The three scales were demonstrated to be distinct dimensions with acceptable reliabilities. Surveillance and body shame correlated negatively with body esteem. Control beliefs correlated positively with body esteem in young women and were related to frequency of restricted eating in all samples. All three scales were positively related to disordered eating. The relationship of OBC to women's body experience is discussed.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bartky S. L., 1988, Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on resistance, 61

Bennett W., 1982, The dieter's dilemma

10.1017/S0033291700022406

Berscheid E., Walster E., Bohrnstedt G. (1973, November). Body image: The happy American body: A survey report. Psychology Today, 119–131.

Bordo S. R., 1993, Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body

Bray G. A., 1981, The body weight regulatory system: Normal and disturbed mechanisms, 185

Brown C., 1993, Consuming passions: Feminist approaches to weight preoccupation and eating disorders, 120

10.1080/00223891.1990.9674053

Brownmiller S., 1984, Femininity

Brumberg J. J., 1988, Fasting girls: The history of anorexia nervosa

10.1007/978-1-4612-5887-2

Cash T. F., 1994, User's manual for the multidimensional body-self relationship questionnaire

10.1007/BF00289597

Cash T. J., Winstead B. A., Janda L. H. (1986, April). The great American shape-up. Psychology Today, 30–37.

10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10

Ciliska D., 1993, Consuming passions: Feminist approaches to weight preoccupation and eating disorders, 382

Coovert M. D., 1990, Research methods in personality and social psychology, 185

10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.882

Cromwell R. L., 1977, Acute myocardial infarction: Reaction and recovery

10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.817

Erikson E., 1959, Psychological Issues, 1, 50

Ernsberger P., 1987, The Journal of Obesity and Weight Reduction, 6, 58

10.1007/BF00288003

10.1002/1098-108X(198901)8:1<63::AID-EAT2260080107>3.0.CO;2-9

10.1037/h0076760

10.1207/s15327752jpa4802_12

10.1017/S0033291700030762

10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.483

10.1017/S0033291700049163

10.1037/0021-843X.85.1.27

10.1037/h0027629

10.1007/BF00288028

Hutchinson M. G., 1994, Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders, 152

Joreskog K. G., 1989, LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications, 2

10.1002/1098-108X(198809)7:5<681::AID-EAT2260070512>3.0.CO;2-N

10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311

10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3

Lewis H. B., 1971, Shame and guilt in neurosis

Mayer V. F., 1983, Shadow on a tightrope: Writings by women on fat oppression, 3

10.1007/BF00288390

McKinley N. M., 1995, Dissertation Abstracts International, 56, 9527111

10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.397

10.1007/BF00287483

10.1037/0022-0167.35.4.463

10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.693

10.1016/0306-4603(92)90067-6

10.1037/0003-066X.49.9.781

Rodin J., 1985, Psychology and Gender: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 265

10.1037/h0060689

10.1007/BF00290156

10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.260

Spitzack C., 1990, Confessing excess: Women and the politics of body reduction

10.1016/0092-6566(90)90022-X

10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.946

Taylor S. E., 1989, Positive illusions: Creative self-deception and the healthy mind

Thompson B. W., 1994, A hunger so wide and so deep: American women speak out on eating problems

Vandereycken W., 1990, From fasting saints to anorexic girls: The history of self-starvation

Wadden T. A., 1989, International Journal of Obesity, 13, 39

10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.801

West S. G., 1995, Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications, 56

10.1016/0146-6402(94)90002-7

10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<85::AID-EAT2260110112>3.0.CO;2-T

Wolf N., 1991, The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women

10.1002/1098-108X(198907)8:4<411::AID-EAT2260080404>3.0.CO;2-5