The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Excavating Race and the Enduring Racisms in U.S. Curriculum
Tóm tắt
Drawing from Omi and Winant's (1994) racial formation theory and Holt's (1995) theory of race marking, in this chapter, we explore the context of race and curriculum for African Americans during post-Reconstruction and the post-civil rights era. Our inquiry focused on the racial discourses located in two sources of curricula knowledge: children's literature and U.S. history textbooks. In this analysis, we illustrate how the presence of race aligned with ideological beliefs about race that were prevalent in the wider societal discourse. We argue that the histories of race have maintained a permanent, enduring place in U.S. curriculum. While morphing in content and appearance, formations of race remained entrenched and pervasive, thus reflecting the condition we characterize as the enduring racisms of U.S. curriculum.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Anderson T. (2009, May 1) “Ten Little Niggers”: The making of a Black man's consciousness Retrieved from http://folkloreforum.net/2009/05/01/%E2%80%9Cten-little-niggers%E2%80%9D-the-making-of-a-black-man%E2%80%99s-consciousness/
Apple M. W., 1995, Education and power
Banks J., 1969, Social Education, 33, 954
Berger P. L., 1991, The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Bernstein R., 2011, Racial innocence: Performing American childhood and race from slavery to civil rights
Bishop R. S., 2012, Journal of Children's Literature, 38, 5
Blight D. W., 2003, Race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory
Bonilla-Silva E., 2006, Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States
Brown A. L., 2010, Journal of Negro Education, 79, 54
Burkholder Z., 2011, Color in the classroom: How American schools taught race, 1900-1954
Carpenter M., 1941, The treatment of the Negro in American history school textbooks: A comparison of changing textbook content, 1826 to 1939, with developing scholarship in the history of the negro in the united states
Cornbleth C., 1995, The great speckled bird: Multicultural politics and education policymaking
Dagbovie P. G., 2007, The early Black history movement, Carter G. Woodson, and Lorenzo Johnston Greene
Du Bois W. E. B., 1935, Black reconstruction in America 1860-1880
Fredrickson G. M, 1988, The Black image in the White mind: The debate on Afro-American character and destiny, 1817–1914
Gordon L., 2006, Not only the master's tools: African-American studies in theory and practice, 3
Gray H., 2004, Watching race: Television and the struggle for blackness
Guerrero E., 1993, Framing Blackness: The African American image in film
King J. E., 2003, Handbook of research in multicultural education, 2, 349
Lawler T. B., 1931, Essentials of American history
Lundholm N. B., 2011, Arizona Law Review, 53, 1041
Marable M., 2002, The great wells of democracy: The meaning of race in American life
Marshall T. M., 1930, American history
McNair J. C., 2003, Multicultural Review, 12, 26
McNair J. C., 2003, The New Advocate, 16, 129
Mills C. W., 1959, The sociological imagination
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People., 1939, Anti-Negro propaganda in school textbooks [pamphlet]
Omi M., 1994, Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s
Shapiro H., 1988, White violence and Black response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery
Sims Bishop R., 2012, Journal of Children's Literature, 38, 5
Watkins W. H., 2001, The White architects of Black education: Ideology and power in America, 1865-1954
Woodson C. G., 2000, The miseducation of the Negro
Woodson C. G., 1935, The story of the Negro retold
Wynter S., 1992, Don't call us Negroes: How multicultural textbooks perpetuate racism
Zimmerman J., 2002, Whose America? Culture wars in the public schools