Tác động của bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính, triệu chứng trầm cảm ở mẹ, chức năng gia đình và lòng tự trọng đối với triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm ở trẻ em

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology - Tập 43 - Trang 177-187 - 2014
Mark A. Ferro1,2,3,4, Michael H. Boyle1,3,5
1Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
2Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Canada
3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
4CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Institute for Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
5Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Canada

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu hiện tại mở rộng các nghiên cứu trước đây xác định nguy cơ lo âu gia tăng ở trẻ em mắc bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính (CwCPI) bằng cách xem xét một mô hình đầy đủ hơn giải thích cách bệnh lý thể chất dẫn đến việc gia tăng triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm. Chúng tôi đã kiểm tra một mô hình phát sinh stress liên kết bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính với các triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm trong một mẫu dân số trẻ em từ 10 đến 15 tuổi. Chúng tôi giả thuyết rằng việc có một bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính sẽ liên quan đến nhiều triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm hơn, mức độ triệu chứng trầm cảm ở mẹ gia tăng, nhiều rối loạn chức năng gia đình hơn, và lòng tự trọng thấp hơn; và rằng triệu chứng trầm cảm ở mẹ, rối loạn chức năng gia đình và lòng tự trọng của trẻ sẽ trung gian hóa ảnh hưởng của bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính đến triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm. Dữ liệu được thu thập từ Khảo sát Dài hạn về Trẻ em và Thanh thiếu niên Quốc gia (N = 10,646). Quá trình trung gian được phân tích bằng cách sử dụng mô hình đường cong tăng trưởng tiềm ẩn. Bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính ở trẻ em liên quan đến sự gia tăng triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm, β = 0,20, p < 0,001. Cũng đã quan sát thấy các hiệu ứng trung gian, trong đó bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính dẫn đến sự gia tăng triệu chứng trầm cảm ở mẹ và rối loạn chức năng gia đình, dẫn đến sự suy giảm lòng tự trọng của trẻ và từ đó, gia tăng triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm. CwCPI có nguy cơ cao đối với triệu chứng lo âu và trầm cảm. Một phần của nguy cơ gia tăng này dường như tác động qua các quá trình gia đình và lòng tự trọng của trẻ. Nghiên cứu này ủng hộ việc áp dụng các phương pháp chăm sóc tập trung vào gia đình cho CwCPI nhằm giảm gánh nặng cho gia đình và thúc đẩy sự phát triển tâm lý khỏe mạnh cho trẻ em.

Từ khóa

#bệnh lý thể chất mãn tính #triệu chứng trầm cảm ở mẹ #chức năng gia đình #lòng tự trọng #triệu chứng lo âu #triệu chứng trầm cảm

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