The Flesh and The Devil: Belief in Religious Evil and Views of Sexual Morality
Tóm tắt
We examine an understudied connection between religion and sexuality: beliefs about the reality of supernatural evil (Satan, hell, and demons). After controlling for multiple other aspects of religiosity, beliefs about religious evil remain a strong and consistent predictor of attitudes about issues involving sexuality, including abortion, homosexuality, premarital sex, extramarital sex, and pornography use. Further, the effects of religious service attendance on attitudes about sexuality are contingent upon beliefs about religious evil. Moral condemnation of non-traditional sexuality is significantly higher among regular religious participants who believe strongly in religious evil compared to actively religious people who disbelieve in religious evil, as well as compared to people who do not attend religious services. Beliefs about religious evil are therefore central to understanding the empirical connections between religion and support for conservative, traditional views of sexual morality.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adamczyk, Amy, and Yen-Chiao Liao. 2019. Examining Public Opinion About LGBTQ-Related Issues in the United States and Across Multiple Nations. Annual Review of Sociology 45: 401–423.
Aho, James A. 1994. This Thing of Darkness: A Sociology of the Enemy. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Bader, Christopher D., Joseph O. Baker, L. Edward Day, and Ann Gordon. 2020. Fear Itself: The Causes and Consequences of Fear in America. New York: NYU Press.
Bader, Christopher D., Joseph O. Baker, and F. Carson Mencken. 2017. Paranormal America, 2nd ed. New York: NYU Press.
Bader, Christopher D., Paul D. Froese, and F. Carson Mencken. 2007. American piety 2005: Content, Methods and Selected Results from the Baylor Religion Survey. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46: 447–463.
Baker, Joseph O. 2008. Who Believes in Religious Evil? An Investigation of Sociological Patterns of Belief in Satan, Hell, and Demons. Review of Religious Research 50 (2): 206–220.
Baker, Joseph O., David Cañarte, and L. Edward Day. 2018. Race, Xenophobia, and Punitiveness Among the American Public. Sociological Quarterly 59 (3): 363–383.
Baker, Joseph O., and Alexis L. Booth. 2016. Hell to Pay: Religion and Punitive Ideology Among the American Public. Punishment & Society 18 (2): 151–176.
Baker, Joseph O., and Buster G. Smith. 2015. American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems. New York: NYU Press.
Bean, Lydia, and Brandon C. Martinez. 2014. Evangelical Ambivalence Toward Gays and Lesbians. Sociology of Religion 75 (3): 395–417.
Ben-Yehuda, N. 1983. The European Witch Craze: Still a Sociologist’s Perspective. American Journal of Sociology 88 (6): 1275–1279.
Ben-Yehuda, N. 1985. Deviance and Moral Boundaries: Witchcraft, the Occult, Science Fiction, Deviant Sciences and Scientists. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Bivins, Jason C. 2008. Religion of Fear: The Politics of Horror in Conservative Evangelicalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Burdette, Amy, Christopher G. Ellison, and Terrence D. Hill. 2005. Conservative Protestantism and Tolerance toward Homosexuals: An Examination of Potential Mechanisms. Sociological Inquiry 75 (2): 177–196.
Caffarra, Carlo. 2017, May 19. “How Satan destroys God’s creation through abortion and homosexuality.” Lecture presented at Rome Life Conference in Rome, Italy. https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/how-satan-destroys-gods-creation-through-abortion-and-homosexuality. Accessed 5 Sept 2018.
Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66 (4): 848–861.
Clark, Tom. (2020) The Sociology of Evil. Abingdon: Routledge.
Davis, Murray. 1983. Smut: Erotic Reality/Obscene Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
DeRogatis, Amy. 2009. Born Again Is a Sexual Term’: Demons, STDs, and God’s Healing Sperm. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 77 (2): 275–302.
deYoung, Mary. 1998. Another Look at Moral Panics: The Case of Satanic Day Care Centers. Deviant Behavior 19 (3): 257–278.
Doan, Long, Annalise Loehr, and Lisa R. Miller. 2014. Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-sex Couples: Evidence from a National Survey Experiment. American Sociological Review 79 (6): 1172–1195.
Durkheim, Émile. (1893) 1969. The Division of Labor in Society. Translated by G Simpson. New York: Free Press.
Erikson, Kai T. 1966. Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Macmillan.
Falwell, Jerry. 1992. The New American Family: The Rebirth of the American Dream. Dallas, TX: Word Publishing.
Finke, Roger, and Christopher D. Bader (eds.). 2017. Faithful Measures: New Methods in the Measurement of Religion. New York: NYU Press.
Froese, Paul D., and Christopher D. Bader. 2007. God in America: Why Theology Is Not Simply the Concern of Philosophers. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46 (4): 465–481.
Froese, Paul D., and Christopher D. Bader. 2010. America’s Four Gods. New York: Oxford University Press.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Graham, Billy. 1975. Angels: God’s Secret Agents. New York: Doubleday.
Griffith, R.Marie. 2017. Moral Combat: How Sex Divided American Christians and Fractured American Politics. New York: Basic Books.
Hunter, James D. 1991. Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America. New York: Basic Books.
Jensen, Gary. 2007. The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.
Jung, Jong Hyun. 2020. Belief in Supernatural Evil and Mental Health: Do Secure Attachment to God and Gender Matter? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12645.
Linneman, Thomas J. 2003. Weathering Change: Gays and Lesbians, Christian Conservatives, and Everyday Hostilities. New York: NYU Press.
Martinez, Brandon C. 2013. Is Evil Good for Religion? The Link between Supernatural Evil and Religious Commitment. Review of Religious Research 55 (2): 319–338.
Martinez, Brandon C., Joshua C. Tom, Todd W. Ferguson, Brita Andercheck, and Samuel Stroope. 2018. Parenting Practices and Attitudes and the Role of Belief in Supernatural Evil: Results from a National U.S. Survey. Journal of Family Issues 39 (6): 1616–1638.
Morone, James A. 2004. Hellfire Nation: The Politics of Sin in American History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Nie, Fanhao, and Daniel V.A. Olson. 2016. Demonic Influence: The Negative Mental Health Effects of Belief in Demons. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55 (3): 498–515.
Pagels, Elaine. 1995. The Origin of Satan. New York: Random House.
Perry, Samuel L. 2019. Addicted to Lust: Pornography in the Lives of Conservative Protestants. New York: Oxford University Press.
Perry, Samuel L., and Andrew L. Whitehead. 2016. Religion and Public Opinion Toward Same-Sex Relations, Marriage, and Adoption: Does the Type of Practice Matter? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55 (3): 637–651.
Poole, W.Scott. 2009. Satan in America: The Devil We Know. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.
Reed, Isaac. 2007. Why Salem Made Sense: Culture, Gender, and the Puritan Persecution of Witchcraft. Cultural Sociology 1 (2): 209–234.
Richardson, James T., Joel Best, and David G. Bromley. 1991. The Satanism Scare. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Sherkat, Darren E. 2016. Sexuality and Religious Commitment Revisited: Exploring the Religious Commitments of Sexual Minorities, 1991–2014. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55 (4): 756–769.
Sherkat, Darren E., Melissa Powell-Williams, Gregory Maddox, and Kylan Mattiasde Vries. 2011. Religion, Politics, and Support for Same-sex Marriage in the United States, 1988–2008. Social Science Research 40 (1): 167–180.
Steensland, Brian, Jerry Z. Park, Mark D. Regnerus, Lynn D. Robinson, W. Bradford Wilcox, and Robert D. Woodberry. 2000. The Measure of American Religion: Toward Improving the State of the Art. Social Forces 79 (1): 291–318.
Swatos, William H. 1988. Picketing Satan Enfleshed at a 7-Eleven: A Research Note. Review of Religious Research 30 (1): 73–82.
Victor, Jeffrey S. 1998. Moral Panics and the Social Construction of Deviant Behavior: A Theory and Application to the Case of Ritual Child Abuse. Sociological Perspectives 41 (3): 541–565.
Wenzel, Siegfried. 1967. The Three Enemies of Man. Mediaeval Studies 29 (1): 47–66.
Wilcox, Clyde, Linzey Sharon, and Ted G. Jelen. 1991. Reluctant Warriors: Premillennialism and Politics in the Moral Majority. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30: 245–258.
Wilson, Kenneth M., and Jennifer L. Huff. 2001. Scaling Satan. The Journal of Psychology 135 (3): 292–300.
Wilson, Kenneth M., Jennifer L. Accord, and Ronan S. Bernas. 2007. Intolerance Toward Others and Belief in an Active Satan. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion 17: 39–48.
Yerkes, Mara A., Giulia Maria Dotti Sani, and Cristina Solera. 2018. Attitudes Toward Parenthood, Partnership, and Social Rights for Diverse Families: Evidence from a Pilot Study in Five Countries. Journal of Homosexuality 65 (1): 80–99.