The Arctic Amplification Debate

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Chapin, F. S. III, Sturm, M., Serreze, M. C., McFadden, J. P., Key, J. R., Lloyd, A. H., McGuire, A. D., Rupp, T. S., Lynch, A. H., Schimel, J. P., Beringer, J., Chapman, W. L., Epstein, H. E., Euskirchen, E. S., Hinzman, L. D., Jia, G., Ping, C.-L., Tape, K. D., Thompson, C. D. C., Walker, D. A., and Welker, J. M.: 2005, ‘Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming’, Science 310, 675–660.

Chen, Y., Francis, J. A., and Miller, J. R.: 2002, ‘Surface temperature of the Arctic: comparison of TOVS satellite retrievals with surface observations’, J. Climate 15, 3698–3708.

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Jones, P. D. and Moberg, A.: 2003, ‘Hemispheric and large scale surface air temperature variations: an extensive revision and an update to 2001’, J. Climate 16, 206–223.

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Karcher M., Gerdes, R., Kauker, F., and Koberle, C.: 2003, ‘Arctic warming: evolution and spreading of the 1990s warm event in the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean’, J. Geophys. Res. 108(C2), 3034, doi:10.1029/2001JC001265.

Kuzmina, S., Bengtsson, L., Johannessen, O. M., Drange, H., Bobylev, L. P., and Miles M. W.: 2005, ‘The North Atlantic Oscillation and greenhouse-gas forcing’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL021064.doi:10.1029/2004GL021064, 2005.

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Overpeck, J., Hughen, K., Hardy, D., Bradley, R., Case, R., Douglas, M., Finney, B., Gajewski, K., Jacoby, G., Jennings, A., Lamourex, S., Lasca, A., MacDonald, G., Moore, J., Retelle, M., Smith, S., Wolfe, A., and Zielinski, G.: 1997, ‘Arctic environmental change of the last four centuries’, Science 278, 1251–1256.

Parkinson, C. L., Cavalieri, D. J., Gloersen, P., Swally, H. J., and Comiso J. C.: 1999, ‘Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends, 1978–1996’, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 20,837–20,856.

Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Vorosmarty, C. V., Lammers, R. B., Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, I. A., and Rahmstorf, S.: 2002, ‘Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean’, Science 298, 2171–2173.

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Rigor, I. G., Colony, R. L., and Martin, S.: 2000, ‘Variations in surface air observations in the Arctic, 1979–1997’, J. Climate 13, 896–914.

Rigor, I. G. and Wallace, J. M.: 2004, ‘Variations in the age of Arctic sea-ice and summer sea-ice extent’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L09401, doi:10.1029/2004GL019492.

Rigor, I. G., Wallace, J. M., and Colony, R. L.: 2002, ‘Response of sea ice to the Arctic Oscillation’, J. Climate 15, 2648–2663.

Robinson, D. A. and Frei, A.: 2000, ‘Seasonal variability of northern hemisphere snow extent using visible satellite data’, Professional Geographer 51, 307–314.

Rothrock, D. A., Zhang, J., and Yu, Y.: 2003, ‘The Arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models’, J. Geophys. Res. 108(C3), 3083, doi:10.1029/ 2001JC001208.

Rothrock, D. A. and Zhang, J.: 2004: ‘Arctic Ocean sea ice volume: What explains its recent depletion?’, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C01002, doi:10.1029/2004JC002282.

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Semenov, V. A. and Bengtsson, L.: 2003, ‘Modes in the wintertime Arctic temperature variability’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1781, doi:10.1029/2003GL017112.

Serreze, M. C., Walsh, J. E., Chapin III, F. S., Osterkamp, T., Dyurgerov, M., Romanovsky, V., Oechel, W. C., Morison, J., Zhang, T., and Barry, R. G.: 2000, ‘Obsevational evidence of recent change in the northern high latitude environment’, Climatic Change 46, 159–207.

Serreze, M. C., Maslanik, J. A., Scambos, T. A., Fetterer, F., Stroeve, J., Knowles, K., Fowler, C., Drobot, S., Barry, R. G., and Haran, T. M.: 2003, ‘A record minimum Arctic sea ice extent an area in 2002’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1110, doi:10.1029/2002GL016406.

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Stroeve, J. C., Serreze, M. C., Fetterer, F., Arbetter, T., Meier, M., Maslanik, J., and Knowles, K.: 2005. ‘Tracking the Arctic’s shrinking ice cover: Another extreme September minimum in 2004’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL021810.

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Thompson, D. W. J., Wallace, J. M., and Hegerl, G.: 2000, ‘Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part II: Trends’, J. Climate 13, 1018–1036.

Wang, X. and Key, J. R.: 2003, ‘Recent trends in Arctic surface, cloud and radiation properties from space’, Science 299, 1725–1728.

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Yumikoto, S. and Kunihiko, K.: 2005. ‘Interdecadal Arctic Oscillation in twentieth century climate simulations viewed as internal variability and response to external forcing’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L03707, doi:10.1029/2004GL021870.