Các bài kiểm tra và vấn đề của mô hình tiêu chuẩn trong vũ trụ học

Foundations of Physics - Tập 47 - Trang 711-768 - 2017
Martín López-Corredoira1,2
1Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
2Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

Tóm tắt

Các nền tảng chính của mô hình tiêu chuẩn \(\Lambda \)CDM trong vũ trụ học là: (1) độ đỏ của các thiên hà là do sự mở rộng của Vũ trụ cộng với chuyển động kỳ dị; (2) bức xạ vũ trụ vi sóng và các sự không đồng nhất của nó phát sinh từ Vũ trụ nguyên thủy năng lượng cao khi vật chất và bức xạ trở nên tách rời; (3) mẫu độ phong phú của các nguyên tố nhẹ được giải thích theo thuật ngữ của sự tổng hợp hạt nhân nguyên thủy; và (4) sự hình thành và tiến hóa của các thiên hà chỉ có thể được giải thích theo thuật ngữ của trọng lực trong một kịch bản bao gồm lạm phát + vật chất tối + năng lượng tối. Nhiều thử nghiệm đã được thực hiện về những ý tưởng này và mặc dù mô hình tiêu chuẩn hoạt động khá tốt trong việc khớp với nhiều quan sát, vẫn có nhiều dữ liệu thể hiện những điều đáng chú ý mà cần phải được hiểu rõ hơn. Trong bài báo này, tôi cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về những thử nghiệm và vấn đề này, cũng như một số ví dụ về các mô hình thay thế.

Từ khóa

#vũ trụ học #mô hình tiêu chuẩn #vật chất tối #năng lượng tối #bức xạ vũ trụ vi sóng

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Foundations of Physics

Tập 47

711-768

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