Technical and economic assessment of wind power potential of Nooriabad, Pakistan
Tóm tắt
Pakistan is a developing nation and heavily spends on the development of conventional power plants to meet the national energy demand. The objective of this paper is to investigate wind power potential of site using wind speed, wind direction, and other meteorological data collected over a period of 1 year. This type of detailed investigation provides information of wind characteristics of potential sites and helps in selecting suitable wind turbine. The site-specific air density, wind shear, wind power density, annual energy yield, and capacity factors have been calculated at 30 and 50 m above the ground level (AGL). The Weibull parameters have been calculated using empirical (EM), maximum likelihood (MLM), modified maximum likelihood (MMLM), energy pattern (EPFM), and graphical (GM) methods to determine the other dependent parameters. The accuracies of these methods are determined using correlation coefficient (R
2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values. At last, the wind energy economic analysis has been carried out at 30- and 50-m heights. The annual mean wind speeds were found to be 5.233and 6.55 m/s at 30- and 50-m heights, respectively, with corresponding standard deviations of 2.295 and 2.176. All methods fitted very well with the measured wind speed data except GM model. The frequency of wind speed observed that Weibull distribution gave better fitting results than Rayleigh distribution at wind site. The mean wind power densities were found to be 169.4 and 416.7 W/m2 at 30- and 50-m heights. The economic analysis showed that at Nooriabad site in Pakistan, the wind energy can be produced at US$0.02189/kWh at a hub height of 50 m. The results showed that the site has potential to install utility wind turbines to generate energy at the lowest cost per kilowatt-hour at height of 50 m.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Global Wind Statistics, GWEC (2016) http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/1_Global-Installed-.Wind-Power-Capacity-MW-%E2%80%93-Regional-Distribution.jpg. Accessed on 28 Feb 2017.
Sheikh MA (2010) Energy and renewable energy scenario of Pakistan. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(1):354–363
Shaikh F, Ji Q, Fan Y (2015) The diagnosis of an electricity crisis and alternative energy development in Pakistan. Renew Sust Energ Rev 52:1172–1185
Shami SH et al (2016) Evaluating wind energy potential in Pakistan’s three provinces, with proposal for integration into national power grid. Renew Sust Energ Rev 53:408–421
Mostafaeipour A et al (2011) Wind energy feasibility study for city of Shahrbabak in Iran. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(6):2545–2556
Mostafaeipour A (2010) Feasibility study of harnessing wind energy for turbine installation in province of Yazd in Iran. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(1):93–111
Keyhani A et al (2010) An assessment of wind energy potential as a power generation source in the capital of Iran. Tehran Energy 35(1):188–201
Kwon S-D (2010) Uncertainty analysis of wind energy potential assessment. Appl Energy 87(3):856–865
Mohammadi K, Mostafaeipour A (2013) Using different methods for comprehensive study of wind turbine utilization in Zarrineh, Iran. Energy Convers Manag 65:463–470
Mostafaeipour A et al (2013) Evaluation of wind energy potential as a power generation source for electricity production in Binalood, Iran. Renew Energy 52:222–229
Mirhosseini M, Sharifi F, Sedaghat A (2011) Assessing the wind energy potential locations in province of Semnan in Iran. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(1):449–459
Baseer M et al (2017) Wind power characteristics of seven data collection sites in Jubail, Saudi Arabia using Weibull parameters. Renew Energy 102:35–49
Dahmouni A et al (2011) Assessment of wind energy potential and optimal electricity generation in Borj-Cedria. Tunisia Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(1):815–820
Li M, Li X (2005) Investigation of wind characteristics and assessment of wind energy potential for Waterloo region, Canada. Energy Convers Manag 46(18):3014–3033
Lashin A, Shata A (2012) An analysis of wind power potential in Port Said, Egypt. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(9):6660–6667
Himri Y et al (2012) Wind energy for rural areas of Algeria. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(5):2381–2385
Đurišić Ž, Mikulović J (2012) Assessment of the wind energy resource in the South Banat region, Serbia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(5):3014–3023
Ouarda T et al (2015) Probability distributions of wind speed in the UAE. Energy Convers Manag 93:414–434
Rehman S, Al-Abbadi NM (2005) Wind shear coefficients and their effect on energy production. Energy Convers Manag 46(15):2578–2591
Rehman S, Al-Abbadi NM (2008) Wind shear coefficient, turbulence intensity and wind power potential assessment for Dhulom, Saudi Arabia. Renew Energy 33(12):2653–2660
Fırtın E, Güler Ö, Akdağ SA (2011) Investigation of wind shear coefficients and their effect on electrical energy generation. Appl Energy 88(11):4097–4105
Shen X, Zhu X, Du Z (2011) Wind turbine aerodynamics and loads control in wind shear flow. Energy 36(3):1424–1434
Al-Abbadi NM (2005) Wind energy resource assessment for five locations in Saudi Arabia. Renew Energy 30(10):1489–1499
Rehman S et al (2012) Wind speed characteristics and resource assessment using Weibull parameters. Int J Green Energy 9(8):800–814
Bassyouni M et al (2015) Assessment and analysis of wind power resource using Weibull parameters. Energy Explor Exploit 33(1):105–122
Katinas V et al (2017) Statistical analysis of wind characteristics based on Weibull methods for estimation of power generation in Lithuania. Renew Energy 113:190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.071.
Manwell JF, McGowan JG, Rogers AL (2010) Wind energy explained: theory, design and application. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, UK. doi:10.1002/9781119994367.
Akpinar EK, Akpinar S (2005) An assessment on seasonal analysis of wind energy characteristics and wind turbine characteristics. Energy Convers Manag 46(11):1848–1867
Amirinia G, Mafi S, Mazaheri S (2017) Offshore wind resource assessment of Persian Gulf using uncertainty analysis and GIS. Renew Energy 113:915–929
Yaniktepe B, Koroglu T, Savrun M (2013) Investigation of wind characteristics and wind energy potential in Osmaniye. Turkey Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 21:703–711
Gökçek M, Bayülken A, Bekdemir Ş (2007) Investigation of wind characteristics and wind energy potential in Kirklareli, Turkey. Renew Energy 32(10):1739–1752
Penchah MM, Malakooti H, Satkin M (2017) Evaluation of planetary boundary layer simulations for wind resource study in east of Iran. Renew Energy 111:1–10
Ucar A, Balo F (2009) Evaluation of wind energy potential and electricity generation at six locations in Turkey. Appl Energy 86(10):1864–1872
Akdağ SA, Dinler A (2009) A new method to estimate Weibull parameters for wind energy applications. Energy Convers Manag 50(7):1761–1766
Chang TP (2011) Performance comparison of six numerical methods in estimating Weibull parameters for wind energy application. Appl Energy 88(1):272–282
Rocha PAC et al (2012) Comparison of seven numerical methods for determining Weibull parameters for wind energy generation in the northeast region of Brazil. Appl Energy 89(1):395–400
Ullah I, Chipperfield AJ (2010) An evaluation of wind energy potential at Kati Bandar, Pakistan. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(2):856–861
Association, D.W.T.M (1999) Guided tour on wind energy. Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association