TWO CENTURIES OF MULTIPLE HUMAN IMPACTS AND SUCCESSIVE CHANGES IN A NORTH ATLANTIC FOOD WEB
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Anderson J. M., 2000, Atlantic salmon on the brink, Endangered Species Update, 17, 15
Anonymous.1971. St. Croix River summary report to the International Joint Commission. Advisory Board on Pollution Control St. Croix River. St. Stephen New Brunswick Canada.
Anonymous.1988. Long-term management plan for the diadromous fisheries of the St. Croix River. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1969:1– 73.
Anonymous.1993. Five-year (1993–1997) operational plan for the development and management of the diadromous fishes of the St. Croix River. St. Croix Fisheries Steering Committee St. Croix International Waterway Commission St. Stephen New Brunswick Canada.
Bates S. S.1997. Toxic phytoplankton on the Canadian east coast: implications for aquaculture. Pages 9–18inS. L. Waddy and M. Frechette editors. Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada. St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada.
Bishop J. C., 1988, The lands edge also: culture history and seasonality at the Partridge Island shell middens, Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 12, 17
Black D. W., 1988, An overview of the Bliss Islands archaeology project, Maine Archaeological Society Newsletter, 1, 5
Black D. W.2000. That thing of shreds and patches: an archaeological narrative of the Bliss Islands Thoroughfare Quoddy Region New Brunswick Canada. Pages 146–155inM. Boyd J. C. Erwin and M. Hendrickson editors. The entangled past: integrating history and archaeology. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Chacmool Archaeological Conference. Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.
Bourque B. J.1995. Diversity and complexity in prehistoric Maritime societies: a Gulf of Maine perspective. Plenum Press New York New York USA.
Breitburg D. S.Seitzinger andJ.Sanders.1999. The effects of multiple stressors on freshwater and marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography 44 Special issue 3: Part 2.
Bricker S. B. C. G.Clement D. E.Pirhalla S. P.Orlando andD. R. G.Farrow.1999. National estuarine eutrophication assessment: effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation's estuaries. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Special Projects Office and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Silver Spring Maryland USA.
Chaput G. andE.Prevost.1998. Annual and decadal change in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) abundance in eastern Canada. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat research document 99/30.
Christie D. S.1979. Changes in maritime bird populations 1878–1978. Journal of the New Brunswick Museum St. John New Brunswick Canada 1979:132–146.
Christie D. S.1983. Birds. Pages 215–229inM. L. H. Thomas editor. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy region New Brunswick. Canadian special publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64 Science stock status report. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Clark D. S. andS. D.Paul.1999. Assessment of cod in division 4X in 1999. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canadian Stock Assessment Research Secretariat research document 99/159. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Committee for Whaling Statistics.1951–1984. International Whaling Statistics XXVII–XCIII. Committee for Whaling Statistics Oslo Norway.
Coon D.1999. An ecological sketch of some Fundy fisheries. Conservation Council of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada.
COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada).2002. Canadian species at risk May 2002. COSEWIC Secretariat Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
DFO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans).1969–2000. Fisheries statistics. Dartmouth Nova Scotia and St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada.
DFO.1999a. Interaction between wild and farmed Atlantic salmon in the Maritime provinces. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maritimes regional habitat status report 99/1E. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada.
DFO.1999b. The impact of the rockweed harvest on the habitat of southwest New Brunswick. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Maritimes regional habitat status report 99/2E. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada.
DFO.2000. Southwestern New Brunswick (LFA 36-38) green sea urchin. Department of Fisheries and Oceans science stock status report C3-49 (2000). Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada.
Dominion Bureau of Statistics.1917–1968. Fisheries statistics. Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Environment Canada.1986. Land use change in Canada. Lands Directorate fact sheet 86-4. Environment Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Fisheries Branch.1869–1916. Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries. Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Fletcher J. S. andA. L.Meister.1982. The St. Croix River: an Atlantic salmon river management report. Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission Bangor Maine USA.
Forbes D. L. J.Shaw andR. B.Taylor.1997. Climate change impacts in the coastal zone of Atlantic Canada. Pages 37–55inR. W. Shaw editor. Climate change and climate variability in Atlantic Canada. Environment Canada Atlantic Region occasional report 9. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada.
Found W. A.1912. The lobster fishery of Canada. Pages 50–77inCommission of Conservation Canada editor. Sea-fisheries of Eastern Canada. Mortimer Company Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Fritz C. W., 1921, Plankton diatoms, their distribution and bathymetric range in St. Andrews waters, Contributions to Canadian Biology, 49
Gaskin D. E.1983. The marine mammal community. Pages 245–268inM. L. H. Thomas editor. Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy region New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Goudie R. I., 1989, Historical status of Harlequin Ducks wintering in eastern North America: a reappraisal, Wilson Bulletin, 101, 112
Graham J. S.Engle andM.Recchia.2002. Local knowledge and local stocks: an atlas of groundfish spawning in the Bay of Fundy. Centre for Community-Based Management St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish Nova Scotia Canada.
Harley S. J., 2001, Is catch-per-unit-effort proportional to abundance?, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 1760, 10.1139/f01-112
Hurley P. C. F. G. A. P.Black P. A.Comeau andR. K.Mohn.1999. Assessment of 4X haddock in 1998 and the first half of 1999. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat research document 99/147. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Hutchings J. A. andR. A.Myers.1995. The biological collapse of Atlantic cod off Newfoundland and Labrador: an exploration of historical changes in exploitation harvesting technology and management. Pages 37–93inR. Arnason and L. Felt editors. The North Atlantic fisheries: successes failures and challenges. Institute of Island Studies Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada.
Ingersoll L. K., 1978, A history of the mammals of Grand Manan, Grand Manan Historian, 20, 31
International Whaling Commission.1984–2000. Report of the International Whaling Commission 1984/85–1999/ 2000. International Whaling Commission Cambridge UK. [Online: 〈http://luna.pos.to/whale/sta.html〉.].
Lawton P. D. A.Robichaud M. B.Strong D. S.Pezzack andC. F.Frail.2001. Spatial and temporal trends in the American lobster Homarus americanus fishery in the Bay of Fundy (lobster fishing areas 35 36 and 38). Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2001/ 094:1–71.
Lotze H. K. andI.Milewski.2002. Two hundred years of ecosystem and food web changes in the Quoddy region outer Bay of Fundy. Conservation Council of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada.
Marshall T. L.1976. Historical perspectives of Resource Development Branch activities in restoring anadromous fishes to the St. Croix River New Brunswick: Maine. Internal report series MAR/I-76-2 Department of Fisheries and the Environment Halifax Nova Scotia Canada.
Marshall T. L. G. J.Chaput P. G.Amiro D. K.Cairns R. A.Jones S. F.O'Neill andJ. A.Ritter.1999. Assessments of Atlantic salmon stocks of the Maritimes Region 1998. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat research document 99/25. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Martin J. L., 1999, Phytoplankton monitoring in the southwestern Bay of Fundy during 1993–96, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2265, 1
Mead J. G. andE. D.Mitchell.1984. Atlantic gray whales. Pages 33–53inM. L. Jones S. L. Swartz and S. Leatherwood editors. The gray whaleEschrichtius robustus. Academic Press Orlando Florida USA.
Murphy B. M., 1996, Zooarchaeology in the Canadian Maritimes, Canadian Zooarchaeology, 9, 2
NEFSC (Northeast Fisheries Science Center).1999. U.S. marine mammal stock assessments: 1998. NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-NE-116. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Woods Hole Massachusetts USA.
Neilson J. P.Perley andC.Nelson.1999. The 1999 assessment of pollock (Pollachius virens) in NAFO Divisions 4VWX and Subdivision 5Zc. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canadian stock assessment secretariat research document 99/160. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Paerl H. W., 1999, Anthropogenically-derived atmospheric nitrogen deposition, marine eutrophication and harmful algal bloom expansion: is there a link?, Ambio, 28, 307
Palumbi S. R.2001. The ecology of marine protected areas. Pages 510–530inM. D. Bertness S. D. Gaines and M. E. Hay editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
Perley M. H.1852. Reports on the sea and river fisheries of New Brunswick. Second edition. Simpson Fredericton New Brunswick Canada.
Pettingill S. O., 1939, The bird life of the Grand Manan archipelago, Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 19, 293
Rangeley R. W.2000. Aquatic macrophytes as foraging and refuging habitats for fish. Pages 18–23inR. W. Rangeley and J. Davies editors. Gulf of Maine rockweed: management in the face of scientific uncertainty. Huntsman Marine Science Centre occasional report 00/1 St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada.
Rees R.1995. St. Andrews and the islands. Nimbus Publishing Halifax Nova Scotia Canada.
Reeves R. R., 2001, Overview of catch history, historic abundance and distribution of right whales in the western North Atlantic and in Cintra Bay, West Africa, Journal of Cetacean Research and Management (special issue), 2, 187
Robichaud D. A. P.Lawton andM. B.Strong.2000. Exploratory fisheries for rock crab Cancer irroratus and Jonah crab Cancer borealis in Canadian lobster fishing areas 34 35 36 and 38. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat research document 2000/051:1–27. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa Ontario Canada.
SCEP (St. Croix Estuary Project).1997. St. Croix estuary area: a profile. St. Croix Estuary Project St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada.
Schulte-Oehlmann U. J.Oehlmann B.Watermann B.Bauer I.Ide andP.Fiorino.1996. Effekte von Tributylzinn (TBT) aus Antifoulinganstrichen auf Schneckenpopulationen in der Ostsee. Pages 176–179inJ. L. Lozán R. Lampe W. Matthäus E. Rachor H. Rumohr and H. von Westernhagen editors. Warnsignale aus der Ostsee. Parey Berlin Germany.
Shelden K. E. W., 1995, The bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus: its history and current status, Marine Fisheries Review, 57, 1
Simon J. E., 1994, Summer distribution and abundance trends of species caught on the Scotian Shelf from 1970–1992, by research vessel groundfish survey, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1953, 1
Smith G. J. D., 1984, Near-surface bio-oceanographic phenomena in the Quoddy Region, Bay of Fundy, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1280, 1
Spiess A. E., 2001, The Turner farm fauna: 5000 years of hunting and fishing in Penobscot Bay, Maine, Occasional Publications in Maine Archaeology, 11, 1
Spiess A. E. E.Trautman andT.Kupferschmid.1990. Prehistoric occupation at Reversing Falls. File report. Maine Historic Preservation Commission Augusta Maine USA.
Statistics Canada.1984. Historical statistics of New Brunswick. Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Steneck R. S.1997. Fisheries-induced biological changes to the structure and function of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Regional Association for the Research on the Gulf of Maine (RARGOM) report 91-1 Hanover New Hampshire USA.
Steneck R. S. andJ. T.Carlton.2000. Human alterations of marine communities: students beware! Pages 445–468inM. D. Bertness S. D. Gaines and M. E. Hay editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
Thain J. E. P.Matthiessen andS.Bifield.1990. The toxicity of dichlorvos to some marine organisms. Pages 1–15inInternational Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) editor. Council meeting ICES Copenhagen Denmark.
White A. W., 1982, Intensification of Gonyaulax blooms and shellfish toxicity in the Bay of Fundy, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1064, 1
Whitehead R. H.1991. The protohistoric period in the Maritime Provinces. Pages 235–266inM. Deal and S. Blair editors. Prehistoric archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: past and present research. Council of Maritime Premiers Maritime Committee on Archaeological Cooperation Halifax Nova Scotia Canada.
Whoriskey F., 1998, A review and update of aquaculture impact studies carried out on the Magaguadavic River, Southern Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat research document, 98, 1
Wilson G. A. C., 1956, St, Croix River. Resource Development Branch, Fisheries Service Maritimes Region, Canada, manuscript report, 56, 1
Wootton J. T., 1995, Effects of birds on sea urchins and algae: a lower-intertidal trophic cascade, Ecoscience, 2, 312, 10.1080/11956860.1995.11682299
Worm B., 2000, Consumer versus resource control in rocky shore food webs: Baltic Sea and NW Atlantic Ocean, Berichte aus dem Institut fuer Meereskunde Kiel, 316, 1
Worm B. andH. K.Lotze.2000. Nutrient pollution low-trophic level harvesting and cumulative human impact on coastal ecosystems. Pages 40–41inR. W. Rangeley and J. Davies editors. Gulf of Maine rockweed: management in the face of scientific uncertainty. Huntsman Marine Science Centre Occasional Report 00/1 St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada.