TURBIDITY SUSPENI)ED SEDIMENT, AND WATER CLARITY: A REVIEW1

Journal of the American Water Resources Association - Tập 37 Số 5 - Trang 1085-1101 - 2001
Robert J. Davies‐Colley1,2, David G. Smith1,2
1New York Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Supply, 465 Columbus Avenue, Valhalla, New York 10595 (E-Mail/Davies-Colley: [email protected]).
2Respectively, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), P.O. Box 11–115, Hamilton, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT: Suspended sediment causes a range of environmental damage, including benthic smothering, irritation of fish gills, and transport of sorbed contaminants. Much of the impact, while sediment remains suspended, is related to its light attenuation, which reduces visual range in water and light availability for photosynthesis. Thus measurement of the optical attributes of suspended matter in many instances is more relevant than measurement of its mass concentration. Nephelometric turbidity, an index of light scattering by suspended particles, has been widely used as a simple, cheap, instrumental surrogate for suspended sediment, that also relates more directly than mass concentration to optical effects of suspended matter. However, turbidity is only a relative measure of scattering (versus arbitrary standards) that has no intrinsic environmental relevance until calibrated to a ‘proper’ scientific quantity. Visual clarity (measured as Secchi or black disc visibility) is a preferred optical quantity with immediate environmental relevance to aesthetics, contact recreation, and fish habitat. Contrary to common perception, visual clarity measurement is not particularly subjective and is more precise than turbidity measurement. Black disc visibility is inter‐convertible with beam attenuation, a fundamental optical quantity that can be monitored continuously by beam transmissometry. Visual clarity or beam attenuation should supplant nephelometric turbidity in many water quality applications, including environmental standards.

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Journal of the American Water Resources Association

Tập 37 Số 5

1085-1101

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