TET Family of Dioxygenases: Crucial Roles and Underlying Mechanisms

Cytogenetic and Genome Research - Tập 146 Số 3 - Trang 171-180 - 2015
Duo Li1, Bin Guo2, Jing Wang1, Lina Tan1, Qianjin Lu1
1Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, and Departments of
2Anesthesiology, and

Tóm tắt

DNA methylation plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of mammalian gene expression. TET (ten-eleven translocation) proteins, newly discovered demethylases, have sparked great interest since their discovery. TET proteins catalyze 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine in 3 consecutive Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent oxidation reactions. TET proteins dynamically regulate global or locus-specific 5-methylcytosine and/or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels by facilitating active DNA demethylation. In fact, in addition to their role as methylcytosine dioxygenases, TET proteins are closely related to histone modification, interact with metabolic enzymes as well as other proteins, and cooperate in transcriptional regulation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in this exciting field, highlighting the molecular mechanism by which TET enzymes regulate gene expression and their functions in health and disease. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TET proteins and aberrant DNA modifications.

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Cytogenetic and Genome Research

Tập 146 Số 3

171-180

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