Systematic Review on N-3 and N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in European Countries in Light of the Current Recommendations - Focus on Specific Population Groups

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism - Tập 70 Số 1 - Trang 39-50 - 2017
Isabelle Sioen1, Lilou van Lieshout2, Ans Eilander3, Mathilde Fleith4, Szimonetta Lohner5, Alíz Szommer6, Catarina Petisca7, Simone Eussen8, Stewart Forsyth9, Philip C. Calder10, Cristina Campoy11, Ronald P. Mensink12
1Department of Public Health, and
2ILSI Europe, and
3Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen,
4Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, and
5Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre, and
6Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
7Bunge Europe, Middle-East and Africa, Brussels, Belgium
8Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, and
9DSM, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
10Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and
11Department of Paediatrics, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
12Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Earlier reviews indicated that in many countries adults, children and adolescents consume on an average less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The intake of total and individual n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European infants, children, adolescents, elderly and pregnant/lactating women was evaluated systematically. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The evaluations were done against recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Fifty-three studies from 17 different European countries reported an intake of total n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and/or individual n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in at least one of the specific population groups: 10 in pregnant women, 4 in lactating women, 3 in infants 6-12 months, 6 in children 1-3 years, 11 in children 4-9 years, 8 in adolescents 10-18 years and 11 in elderly >65 years. Mean linoleic acid intake was within the recommendation (4 energy percentage [E%]) in 52% of the countries, with inadequate intakes more likely in lactating women, adolescents and elderly. Mean α-linolenic acid intake was within the recommendation (0.5 E%) in 77% of the countries. In 26% of the countries, mean eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid intake was as recommended. These results indicate that intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be suboptimal in specific population groups in Europe.

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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism

Tập 70 Số 1

39-50

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