Synthetic fuel production by indirect coal liquefaction
Tài liệu tham khảo
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products), 2001. Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether Demonstration in the LaPorte Alternative Fuels Development Unit, prepared for US Department of Energy by APCI, Allentown, Pennsylvania, January.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products), 2002. Market Outlook for Dimethyl Ether (DME), prepared for US Department of Energy by APCI, Allentown, Pennsylvania, April.
Breckenridge, W., Holiday, A., Ong, J.O.Y., and Sharp, C., 2000. “Use of SELEXOL® process in coke gasification to ammonia project”, paper presented at the Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, Feb 27-Mar 1.
Brown, 1929, Methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide, II: dimethyl ether, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 310, 10.1021/ie50232a005
Changchun Science & Technology Committee, 2003. (http://www.ccst.gov/cn/jjxx/ceilist.plx?class=LUE&page=8#)
Chiesa, P., and Macchi, E., 2002. A Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Options to break 60 % Electric Efficiency in Combined Cycle Power Plants, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Paper GT-2002-30663, New York, NY.
Chinchen, 1984, The activity of Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalysts, American Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 29, 178
Consonni, S., 1992. Performance Prediction of Gas/Steam Cycles for Power Generation, Ph.D. thesis 1983-T, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dept., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
Cui Y.T. (BP China), 2003. Personal communication, 6 April.
Cybulsky, 1994, Liquid-phase methanol synthesis: catalysts, mechanism, kinetics, chemical equilibria, and modeling - a review, Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng., 36, 557, 10.1080/01614949408013929
Eastman Chemical and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Eastman), 2003. Project Data on Eastman Chemical Company's Chemicals-from-Coal Complex in Kingsport, TN, for USDOE/NETL contract DE-FC22-92PC90543, Kingsport, Tennessee, March.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2003. Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(2003/02), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (or www.eia.doe.gov/mer, accessed Sept 23.)
Fleisch, T., McCarthy, C., Basu, A., and Udovich, C., Charbonneau, P., and Slodowske, W., Mikkelsen, S-E., and McCandless, J., 1995. A New Clean Diesel Technology: Demonstration of ULEV Emissions on a Navistar Diesel Engine Fueled with Dimethyl Ether, SAE Technical Paper 950061, Society of Automotive AE, Warrendale, PA.
Fujimoto, K., Shikada, T., and Yamaoka, Y., 1995. “Method of producing dimethyl ether”, US Pat. 5466720, Nov. 14.
Gogate, 1992, A single-stage, liquid-phase dimethyl ether synthesis process from syngas: thermodynamic analysis of the LPDME process system, Fuel Science and Technology International, 10, 281, 10.1080/08843759208915991
Graaf, 1988, Kinetics of three-phase methanol synthesis, Chemical Engineering Science, 43, 2161, 10.1016/0009-2509(88)87098-2
Haldor, 2002
Hansen, J.B., Voss, B., Joensen, F., and Sigurdardottir, I.D., 1995. Large-Scale Manufacture of Dimethyl Ether — a New Alternative Diesel Fuel from Natural Gas, SAE Paper 950063.
Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (ICC), 2003. (http://www.sxicc.ac.cn)
Katofsky, R.E., 1993. The Production of Fluid Fuels from Biomass, MSE thesis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dept., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
Kreutz, T., Williams, R., Consonni, S., and Chiesa, P., 2003. “Co-production of hydrogen, electricity, and CO2 from coal with commercially ready technology. Part B: Economic analysis”, July 24 manuscript, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, submitted to International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.
Leonov, 1973, Kinetics and Catalysis, 14, 848
Lewnard, J.J., Hsiung, T.H., White, J.F., and Bhatt, B.L., 1993. “Liquid phase process for dimethyl ether synthesis”, US Pat. 5,218,003, June 8.
Lewnard, 1990, Single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether in a slurry reactor, Chemical Engineering Science, 45, 2735, 10.1016/0009-2509(90)80165-B
Linnhoff, 1993, Pinch analysis - a state-of-the-art overview, Trans IchemE, 71, 503
Lucas, S.H. 2002. Ningxi Petrochemical DME Project, prepared for the US Trade and Development Agency, Washington, DC, September.
Moore, R., (retired Cost Engineer, Air Products and Chemicals Inc.), 2003. Personal communications, January-April, 2003.
Naqvi, S., 2002. Dimethyl Ether as Alternate Fuel, Report No. 245, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, Calif., June.
Natta, 1955, 349
Ng, 1999, Kinetics and modeling of dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas, Chemical Engineering Science, 54, 3587, 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00514-4
Niu, J., 2003. “Demonstration of fuel methanol and methanol vehicle in Shanxi Province”, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Coal Gasification for Clean and Secure Energy for China, Task Force on Energy Strategies and Technologies, China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 25-26 August.
Niu, Y., 2000. “Dimethyl ether - clean fuel in the 21st century”, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, presented at the Workshop on Polygeneration, Working Group on Energy Strategies and Technologies, China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, Beijing, May.
Pagani, G., 1978. “Process for the production of dimethyl ether”, US Pat. 4098809, July 4.
Peng, 1999, Kinetic understanding of the chemical synergy under LPDME conditions - once-through applications, Chemical Engineering Science, 54, 2787, 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00343-1
Rutkowski, M.D., Klett, M.G., and Maxwell, R.C., 2002. “The cost of mercury removal in an IGCC plant”, presented at the Gasification Technologies Public Policy Workshop, Washington, DC, 1 October.
SFAPacific, Inc., 1993. Coal Gasification Guidebook: Status, Applications, and Technologies, TR-102034s, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, December.
Sharp, C. (UOP, Des Plaines, Illinois), 2003. Personal communication, 25 July.
Sharp, C.R., Kubek, D.J., Kuper, D.E., Clark, M.E., and DiDio, M., 2002. “Recent Selexol” operating experience with gasification, including CO2 capture, 5th European Gasification Conference, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, April.
Simbeck, D., and Johnson, H., 2001. “World gasification survey: industry trends and developments”, presentation at the Gasification Technologies Conference, San Francisco, Oct. 8.
Sofianos, 1991, Conversion of synthesis gas to dimethyl ether over bifunctional catalytic systems, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, 2372, 10.1021/ie00059a002
Stoll, H., and Todd, D.M., 1996. “Competitive power generation costs for IGCC”, presented at Gasification Technologies Conference, Electric Power Research Institute, San Francisco, California, October.
Turk, B.S., Merkel, T., Lopez-Ortiz, A., Gupta, R.P., Portzer, J.W., Krishnan, G.N., Freeman, B.D., and Fleming, G.K., 2001. Novel Technologies for Gaseous Contaminants Control, Contract DE-AC26-99FT40675 for US DOE by Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, September.
Van den Bussche, 1996, A steady-state kinetic model for methanol synthesis and the water gas shift reaction on a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, Journal of Catalysis, 161, 1, 10.1006/jcat.1996.0156
Voss, B., Joensen, F., and Hansen, J.B., 1999. “Preparation of fuel grade dimethyl ether”, US Pat. 5908963, June 1.
Wang, H. (Coal Gasification Business Development Manager, Shell China, Beijing), 2002. Personal communication, 12 December.
Wang, M. (GREET model author, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois), 2003. Personal communication, October.
Weiss, M.A., Heywood, J.B., Achafer, A., and Natarajan, V.K., 2003. Comparative Assessment of Fuel Cell Cars, Publication 2003-001 RP, Laboratory for Energy & the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, February.
World Bank, 1997. Clear Water, Blue Skies: China's Environment in the New Century, World Bank, Washington, DC.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Wyman, 1993, Ethanol and methanol from cellulosic biomass, 865
Zahner, J.C., 1977. “Conversion of modified synthesis gas to oxygenated organic chemicals”, US Pat. 4011275, March 8.
Zhou L., Jiang D., and Wang H., 2000. “Application research of dimethyl ether fueled diesel engine”, Xi'an Jiaotong University, presented at the Workshop on Polygeneration, Working Group on Energy Strategies and Technologies, China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, Beijing, May.