Surgical therapy of oesophageal carcinoma
Tóm tắt
During the past 10 years, postoperative mortality associated with surgical treatment of oesophageal carcinoma has been reduced by one-half. However, it appears that all efforts to improve long-term survival with extensive excisional procedures and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have failed. Fifty-six of 100 patients presenting to the surgeon with an oesophageal carcinoma have resectable disease. Recent studies suggest that seven of them will die from postoperative complications and 49 patients will be discharged from the hospital after an average of 3 weeks. Of these patients, 27 will survive the first, 12 the second, and ten the fifth year. Although it may be possible to further reduce postoperative complications and mortality, the chances of improving the long-term prognosis of patients with oesophageal carcinoma seem small.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Earlam, 1980, Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: 1. a critical review of surgery, Br J Surg, 67, 381, 10.1002/bjs.1800670602
Lortat-Jacob, 1960, Les oesophagectomies, Encycl Medico Chirurg, 18, 1
Logan, 1963, The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 46, 150, 10.1016/S0022-5223(20)31564-6
Postlethwait, 1986, Surgery of the Esophagus, 369
Abo, 1986, Reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus: esophago-gastrostomy via posterior mediastinal route, Excerpta Medico, 40, 157
Akiyama, 1980, Surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus, Curr Probl Surg, 17, 54, 10.1016/S0011-3840(80)80025-6
Ancona, 1982, Esophagogastric anastomotic leakage, Int Surg, 67, 143
Barbier, 1988, Quality of life and patterns of recurrence following transhiatal esophagectomy for cancer: results of a prospective follow-up in 50 patients, World J Surg, 12, 270, 10.1007/BF01658073
Barbier, 1988, Esophageal carcinoma: patient selection for transhiatal esophagectomy. A prospective analysis of 50 consecutive cases, World J Surg, 12, 263, 10.1007/BF01658071
Baulieux, 1985, The advantage of palliative resection in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, Int Surg, 70, 197
Becker, 1984, Oesophagointestinale Anastomosen, Chirurg, 55, 613
Berkhoff, 1980, Chirurgische Behandlung des Kardia- und Oesophagus-karzinoms, Fortschr Med, 98, 21
Bertelsen, 1985, Surgical treatment for malignant lesions of the distal part of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction, World J Surg, 9, 633, 10.1007/BF01656071
Bluett, 1987, Esophageal carcinoma. Improved quality of survival with resection, American Surgeon, 53, 126
Blum, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 477
Bosch, 1980, Carcinoma of the esophagus: 25 years experience at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals, Wisconsin Med J, 79, 23
Cooper, 1981, The palliative value of surgical resection for carcinoma of the esophagus, Can J Surg, 24, 145
Couraud, 1982, Le traitement des cancers du tiers inferieur et du tiers moyen de l'oesophage par resection et gastroplastic tubulee isoperistaltique, Chirurgie, 108, 703
Dark, 1981, Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus, Thorax, 36, 891, 10.1136/thx.36.12.891
Delaby, 1980, La mortalite operatoire dans la resection oesophagienne pour cancer (Etude de 54 resections con secutives), Lille Medical, 25, 339
Delacroix, 1985, Le risque operatoire dans le traitement du cancer oesophagien, J Chir, 6, 387
Desai, 1986, Adjuvant therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. Is there any progress?, Excerpta Medica, 40, 208
Ellis, 1985, Overview of the current management of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, Can J Surg, 28, 493
Endo, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 375
Endo, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 252
Faller, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 455
Favre, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 253
Fekete, 1987, Radicality in esophageal cancer surgery, Ital J Surg Sci, 17, 15
Froelicher, 1986, The European experience with esophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and submucosa, Gastrointest Endosc, 32, 88, 10.1016/S0016-5107(86)71763-X
Fuentes, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 253
Fujimaki, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 464
Galandiuk, 1985, Cancer of the oesophagus, Ann Surg, 1, 101
Gatzinsky, 1985, Resectional operations and long-term results in carcinoma of the esophagus, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 89, 71, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)38850-6
Gignoux, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 255
Gignoux, 1987, The value of preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: results of a study of the EORTC, World J Sura, 11, 426, 10.1007/BF01655805
Gignoux, 1984, Palliative surgical treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus, Int Surg, 69, 257
Giuli, 1980, Treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. Retrospective study of 2400 patients, Ann Surg, 192, 44, 10.1097/00000658-198007000-00008
Giuli, 1986, Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic features of cancers of the esophagus: results of the international prospective study conducted by the OESO group, Surgery, 5, 614
Griffith, 1980, A twenty-year experience with surgical management of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 79, 447, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)37954-1
Guerkan, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 403
Hambraeus, 1988, Lamm: Prognostic factors influencing survival in combined radiotherapy and surgery of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, Cancer, 62, 895, 10.1002/1097-0142(19880901)62:5<895::AID-CNCR2820620508>3.0.CO;2-0
Hambraeus, 1981, Surgery alone or combined with radiation therapy in esophageal carcinoma, Cancer, 48, 63, 10.1002/1097-0142(19810701)48:1<63::AID-CNCR2820480114>3.0.CO;2-6
Hankins, 1982, Carcinoma of the esophagus: Twelve years experience with a philosophy for palliation, Ann Thorac Surg, 5, 464, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)60787-4
Hennessy, 1986, Carcinoma of the hypopharynx, esophagus and cardia, Surg Gynecol Obslel, 162, 243
Hopkins, 1984, Stapled esophagogastric anastomosis, Am J Surg, 147, 283, 10.1016/0002-9610(84)90108-9
Horvath, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 686
Husemann, 1985, Vorteile der links-thorakalen Mageninterposition nach Oesopghagusresektion wegen Carcinom, Langenbecks Arch Chir, 366, 153, 10.1007/BF01836622
Lizuka, 1985, One-hundred and two 5-year survivors of esophageal carcinoma after resective surgery, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 15, 369
Lizuka, 1983, Preoperative radioactive therapy for esophageal carcinoma, Chest, 93, 1055
Lizuka, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 355
Lizuka, 1980, Preliminary report to multidisciplinary treatment for esophageal carcinoma: co-operative clinical study group for esophageal carcinoma, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 10, 215, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a038676
Ishida, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 694
Isolauri, 1987, Colon interposition in the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia, Ann Thorac Surg, 43, 420, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62819-6
Isono, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 333
Jobsen, 1986, Carcinoma of the esophagus: treatment results, Radiotherapy Oncology, 5, 101, 10.1016/S0167-8140(86)80164-5
Kakegawa, 1986, Radical operation for thoracic esophageal carcinoma, Excerpta Medica, 40, 122
Kasai, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 635
Kasai
Keagy, 1984, Esophago-gastrectomy as palliative treatment for esophageal carcinoma: results obtained in the setting of a thoracic surgery residency program, Ann Thorac Surg, 38, 611, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62319-3
Kessler, 1984, Die rekonstruktive chirurgische Therapie des Oesophaguskarzinoms. Eigene Erfahrungen and Ergebnisse, Zbl Chirurgie, 109, 1044
Kinoshita, 1982, Clinical evaluation of ten-year survival cases after operation for upper and mid-thoracic esophageal cancer, Int Surg, 67, 153
Kodama, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 700
Kuhrmeier, 1987, Oesophagus-, Kardiakarzinome: gedeckte abdomino-zervikale oder thorako-abdominale Resektion, Helv chir Acta, 54, 793
Kunath, 1983, Ergebnisse der Chirgischen Onkologie, 66
Lam, 1982, The present state of surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus, J ROY Coll Surg Edinb, 27, 315
Launois, 1983, Results of the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 156, 753
Leichman, 1984, Combined preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the esophagus: the Wayne State University, Southwest Oncology Group and Radiation Group experience, Seminars in Oncology, 2, 178
Li, 1981, Late results of surgical treatment in esophageal carcinoma and factors influencing prognosis, Chin Med J, 94, 729
Liu, 1986, Measures for improving therapeutic results of esophageal carcinoma in stage III: preoperative radiotherapy, J Surg Oncol, 32, 248, 10.1002/jso.2930320415
Lu, 1987, Cancer of esophagus and esophagogastric junction: analysis of results of 1025 resections after five to 20 years, Ann Thorac Surg, 43, 176, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)60391-8
MacFarlane, 1988, Improved results of surgical treatment for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinomas after preoperative combined chemotherapy and radiation, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 95, 415, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)35760-5
Mailett, 1982, Carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, Amer J Surg, 143, 629, 10.1016/0002-9610(82)90181-7
Mannell, 1987, Resection for oesophageal cancer, 1978–1984. Experience at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesbourg, S Afr Med J, 27
Mathisen, 1988, Transthoracic esophagectomy. A safe approach to carcinoma of the esophagus, Ann Thorac Surg, 45, 137, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62424-1
Matthews, 1986, Effect of surgical experience on the results of resection for oesophageal carcinoma, Br J Surg, 73, 621, 10.1002/bjs.1800730811
McKeown, 1985, The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the oesophagus. A review of the results in 478 cases, J Rov Co/I Surg Edinb, 30, 1
Mitomi, 1987, Disease of the Esophagus, 381
Morand, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 126
Moreno Gonzales, 1982, Surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus, Int Surg, 67, 139
Moreno Gonzales, 1986, Indications and results of esophagectomy without thoracotomy in benign and malignant diseases of the esophagus, Excerpta Medico, 40, 96
Mori, 1986, Extended dissection of lymph nodes in operation for thoracic esophageal carcinoma, Excerpta Medico, 40, 118
Morita, 1985, Relationship between the radiology features of esophageal cancer and the local control by radiation therapy, Cancer, 55, 2668, 10.1002/1097-0142(19850601)55:11<2668::AID-CNCR2820551123>3.0.CO;2-P
Mueller, 1988, Ergebnisse der Resektion der Speiseroehre wegen eines Carcinomas, Chirurg, 59, 398
Murakami, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 703
Nishi, 1988, Pulmonary complications after subtotal oesophagectomy, Br J Surg, 75, 527, 10.1002/bjs.1800750608
OESO: results of treatment, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagusin 1984, 391
Ong, 1980, Jejunal esophagoplasty for carcinoma of the esophagus, Jpn J Surg, 10, 15, 10.1007/BF02468642
Orel, 1981, Results of resection of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia in 196 patients, World J Surg, 5, 259, 10.1007/BF01658307
Orringer, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 390
Parisot, 1985, Cancer de l'oesophage. Etude retrospective de 225 case, Annales de Chirurgie, 39, 383
Parker, 1985, Chemo-radiation therapy and resection for carcinoma of the esophagus: short-term results, Ann Thorac Surg, 2, 121, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)60003-3
Pastorino, 1987, Current results of esophageal cancer surgery. Time trends in operative mortality and long-term survival, Tumori, 73, 139, 10.1177/030089168707300209
Pate, 1983, Squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, Am Surg, 49, 90
Peracchia, 1982, Le traitement chirurgical du cancer de l'oesophage thoracique, Acta Chir Belg, 82, 355
Peracchia, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 394
Pistolesi, 1984, Radiological aspects of cancer of the esophagus, Int Surg, 69, 41
Plukker, 1988, The Akiyama procedure in the surgical management of oesophageal cardiacarcinoma, Europ J Surg Oncol, 14, 33
Poplin, 1987, Combined therapies for squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus, a Southwest Oncology Group Study, J Clin Oncol, 5, 622, 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.4.622
Pralat, 1983, Langzeitergebnisse nach Resektion und Speisewegsrekonstruktion beim Oesophagus-carcinom, Langenbecks Arch Chir, 360, 251, 10.1007/BF01257429
Ribet, 1986, Cancer de l'oesophage thoracique, Chirurgie, 112, 297
Richelme, 1986, Le traitement des cancers de l'oesophage
Roeher, 1988, Zur operativen Verfahrenswahl beim Oesophaguscarcinom, Chirurg, 59, 582
Roka, 1981, Chirurgie des Oesophaguskarzinoms, 103
Saeger, 1987, Ergebnisse in der chirurgischen therapiedes Oesophaguscarcinoms, Langenbecks Arch Chirurgie, 372, 161, 10.1007/BF01297808
Sasaki, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 697
Schattenkerk, 1987, Survival after resection for carcinoma of the oesophagus, Br J Surg, 74, 165, 10.1002/bjs.1800740305
Shahian, 1986, Transthoracic versus extrathoracic esophagectomy: mortality, morbidity, and long-term survival, Ann Thoracic Surg, 3, 237, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62762-2
Shao, 1985, Esophageal Disorders, 379
Shoizaki, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 690
Siewert, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 427
Skinner, 1986, Selection of operation for esophageal cancer based on staging, Ann Surg, 204, 391, 10.1097/00000658-198610000-00007
Skinner, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 645
Soga, 1983, Analysis of preoperative combined bleomycin and radiation therapy for esophageal carcinoma, World J Surg, 7, 230, 10.1007/BF01656148
Sombrowski, 1983, Das Karzinom von Oesophagus and Kardia
Sorrentino, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 709
Sugimachi, 1987, Survival rates of women with carcinoma of the esophagus exceed those of men, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 164, 541
Tam, 1987, Local recurrences after subtotal esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma, Ann Surg, 189
Tanaka, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 342
Tremolada, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 156
Tryzelaar, 1982, Esophagectomy without thoracotomy for carcinoma of the esophagus, Am J Surg, 143, 486, 10.1016/0002-9610(82)90200-8
Ulrich, 1984, Ergebnisse der Magenhoch-zugsoperationen ohne Thorakotomie bei der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Oesophaguskarzinoms, Zbl Chirirgue, 109, 1033
Veiga-Fernandes, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 357
Wang, 1983, Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia among the Chinese, Ann Thorac Surg, 35, 143, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)61450-6
Watanabe, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 350
Welvaart, 1980, Carcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia, Clin Oncol, 6, 203
Wilkins, 1980, Long-segment colon substitution for the esophagus, Ann Surg, 192, 722, 10.1097/00000658-198012000-00005
Wong, 1987, Esophageal resection for cancer: the rationale of current practice, Am J Surg, 153, 18, 10.1016/0002-9610(87)90196-6
Wu, 1982, Process in the study and surgical treatment of cancer of the esophagus in China, 1940–1980, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 84, 325, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)38999-8
Xu, 1983, Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardiac portion of the stomach in 850 patients, Ann Thorac Surg, 35, 542, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)60431-6
Yamada, 1985, Diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal carcinoma, Zbl Chir, 110, 1399
Zilberstein, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 398
Roeher, 1988, Perioperative Risiko aus der Sicht des Chirurgen, Zbl Chir, 113, 557
Earlam, 1984, Oesophageal cancer treatment in Northeast Thames region, 1981: medical audit using hospital activity analysis data, Br Med J, 288, 1892, 10.1136/bmj.288.6434.1892
Caracci, 1983, Surgical therapy of advanced esophageal cancer. A critical appraisal, Am J Surg, 146, 704, 10.1016/0002-9610(83)90322-7
Fan, 1987, Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in oesophagogastric cancer surgery, Br J Surg, 74, 408, 10.1002/bjs.1800740530
Orringer, 1986, Transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy for carcinoma of the esophagus, Adv Surg, 19, 1
Akiyama, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 416
Kato, 1983, Pull-through esophagectomy without thoracotomy, Jpn Clin Oncol, 13, 53
Yoshida, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 421
Cheung, 1987, Is pyloroplasty necessary in esophageal replacement by stomach? A prospective, randomized controlled trial, Surgery, 102, 19
Huang, 1985, Esophageal Disorders, 383
Huang, 1982, Fruehentdeckung und chirurgische Therapie des Oesophaguskarzinoms, Internist, 23, 264
Ellis, 1960, Treatment of carcinoma of Esophagus and cardia, Mayo Clin Proc, 35, 653
Skinner, 1976, Esophageal malignancies, experience with 110 cases, Surg Clin North Am, 56, 137, 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)40842-X
UICC, 1978, TNM Klassifikation maligner Tumoren, 3rd
UICC, 1987, TNM Klassifikation maligner Tumoren, 4dh
Siewert, 1988, En-bloc Resektion der Speiseroehre beim Oesophaguscarcinom, Langen-becks Arch Chir, 373, 367, 10.1007/BF01272555
Skinner, 1983, En-bloc resection for neoplasms of the esophagus and cardia, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 85, 69, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)38900-7
Goodner, 1969, Surgical and radiation treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus, AJR, 105, 523, 10.2214/ajr.105.3.523
Doggett, 1970, Combined radiation and surgical treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, Front Radial Ther Oncol, 5, 147, 10.1159/000387023
Nakayama, 1974, Surgical treatment combined with preoperative concentrated irradiation, JAMA, 227, 178, 10.1001/jama.1974.03230150030008
Huang, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 58
Husemann, 1984, Cancer of the Esophagus in 1984, 55
Launois, 1981, Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus, Surg Gvnecol Obstet, 153, 690
Maeta, 1986, Does preoperative radiation for thoracic esophageal cancer promote intramural lymphatic invasion?, Jpn J Surg, 2, 84, 10.1007/BF02471076
Kelsen, 1987, Preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma, World J Surg, 11, 433, 10.1007/BF01655806
Bains, 1982, Treatment of esophageal carcinoma by combined preoperative chemotherapy, Ann Thorac Surg, 34, 521, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62998-0
Bedikian, 1987, Diseases of the Esophagus, 316
Carey, 1986, Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery with possible postoperative radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, J Clin Oncol, 5, 697, 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.5.697
Coonley, 1984, Cisplatin and bleomycin in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma, Cancer, 54, 2351, 10.1002/1097-0142(19841201)54:11<2351::AID-CNCR2820541107>3.0.CO;2-H
Forastiere, 1987, Cisplatin, vinblastin, and mitoguazone chemotherapy for epidermoid and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, J Clin Oncol, 5, 1143, 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.8.1143
Kelsen, 1986, Cisplatin, vindesine and mitoguazone in the treatment of esophageal cancer, Cancer Treatment Reports, 2, 255
Roth, 1988, Randomized clinical trial of preoperative and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with Cisplatin, vindesine, and bleomycin for carcinoma of the esophagus, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 96, 242, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)35265-1
Schlag, 1987, Praeoperative chemotherapie beim Oesophaguscarcinom: Vorteile oder Gefahr fuer den chirurgischen Eingriff?, Langenbecks Arch Chirurgie, 372, 155, 10.1007/BF01297807
Shields, 1984, Multimodality approach to treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus, Arch Surg, 119, 558, 10.1001/archsurg.1984.01390170054011
Spaulding, 1985, Induction chemotherapy in resectable esophageal carcinoma. (Meeting abstract), Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 4, 84
Spielmann, 1985, Association vindesine, cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum et CCNU dans les cancers epidermoides de l'oesophage. Analyse preliminaire de 64 cas, Bull Cancer (Paris), 72, 220
Andersen, 1984, Irradiation, chemotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer: a randomized clinical study. The First Scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer, Radiotherapy Oncology, 2, 179, 10.1016/S0167-8140(84)80058-4
Franklin, 1983, Combined modality therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer, 51, 1062, 10.1002/1097-0142(19830315)51:6<1062::AID-CNCR2820510615>3.0.CO;2-2
Mahal, 1986, Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (Meeting abstract), Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 5, 79
Popp, 1986, Improved survival in squamous esophageal cancer, Arch Surg, 121, 1330, 10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400110122021