Bổ sung vitamin E hoặc chiết xuất thực vật như chất chống oxy hóa để cải thiện hiệu suất tăng trưởng và sức khỏe của lợn con sống trong điều kiện nhiệt độ trung tính hoặc chịu nhiệt

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Ysenia Victoria Silva-Guillen1, Consuelo Arellano2, Jeffrey Wiegert3, R. D. Boyd1, Gonzalo Martínez1, E. van Heugten1
1Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
2Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
3Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt Nền tảng Căng thẳng nhiệt có những hậu quả tiêu cực nghiêm trọng đối với hiệu suất và sức khỏe của lợn, dẫn đến thiệt hại kinh tế đáng kể. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là khảo sát tác động của việc bổ sung vitamin E và chiết xuất thực vật vào thức ăn hoặc nước uống đối với hiệu suất tăng trưởng, sức khỏe đường ruột, và tình trạng oxy hóa cũng như miễn dịch ở lợn con đang lớn sống trong điều kiện căng thẳng nhiệt. Phương pháp Các thí nghiệm lặp lại đã được thực hiện, mỗi thí nghiệm sử dụng 64 con lợn lai có trọng lượng cơ thể ban đầu là 50,7 ± 3,8 và 43,9 ± 3,6 kg và độ tuổi lần lượt là 13 tuần và 12 tuần. Lợn (n = 128) được nuôi nhốt riêng biệt và phân bổ theo khối lượng và giới tính vào một sắp xếp 2 × 4 factorial gồm 2 môi trường (nhiệt độ trung tính (21,2 °C) hoặc chịu nhiệt (30,9 °C)) và 4 biện pháp bổ sung (chế độ ăn kiểm soát; kiểm soát + 100 IU/L D-α-tocopherol trong nước; kiểm soát + 200 IU/kg DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate trong thức ăn; hoặc kiểm soát + 400 mg/kg chiết xuất thực vật trong thức ăn). Kết quả Căng thẳng nhiệt trong 28 ngày đã làm giảm (P ≤ 0.001) trọng lượng cơ thể cuối cùng, tăng trưởng trung bình hàng ngày và lượng thức ăn trung bình hàng ngày (−7,4 kg, −26,7%, và −25,4%, tương ứng), nhưng không phát hiện ra tác động của biện pháp bổ sung (P > 0.05). Vitamin E trong huyết thanh đã tăng (P << 0.001) với việc bổ sung vitamin E trong nước và trong thức ăn (1,64 vs. 3,59 và 1,64 vs. 3,24), nhưng không đối với chiết xuất thực vật (1,64 vs. 1,67 mg/kg) và cao hơn khi bổ sung trong nước so với thức ăn (P = 0.002). Vitamin E trong gan đã tăng (P << 0.001) với các bổ sung vitamin E trong nước (3,9 vs. 31,8) và thức ăn (3,9 vs. 18,0), nhưng không ở chiết xuất thực vật (3,9 vs. 4,9 mg/kg). Malondialdehyde trong huyết thanh đã giảm với căng thẳng nhiệt vào ngày thứ 2, nhưng đã tăng vào ngày thứ 28 (tương tác, P << 0.001), và cao hơn (P << 0.05) đối với việc bổ sung chất chống oxy hóa so với kiểm soát. Sự phân chia tế bào đã giảm (P = 0.037) trong jejenum dưới căng thẳng nhiệt, nhưng đã tăng trong ileum khi vitamin E được bổ sung trong thức ăn và nước uống dưới căng thẳng nhiệt (tương tác, P = 0.04). Yếu tố hoại tử khối u-α trong niêm mạc jejenum và ileum đã giảm do căng thẳng nhiệt (P << 0.05) và giảm do các bổ sung vitamin E dưới căng thẳng nhiệt (tương tác, P << 0.001). Kết luận Việc bổ sung các chất chống oxy hóa vào thức ăn hoặc nước uống đã không làm giảm tác động tiêu cực của stress nhiệt lên lượng thức ăn và tỷ lệ tăng trưởng của lợn con.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

St-Pierre NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G. Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries. J Dairy Sci. 2003;86:E52–77. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5.

Liu F, Zhao W, Le HH, Cottrell JJ, Green MP, Leury BJ, et al. Review: what have we learned about the effects of heat stress on the pig industry? Animal. 2022;16(Suppl 2):100349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100349.

Mendoza SM, Boyd RD, Ferket PR, van Heugten E. Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. J Anim Sci. 2017;95(11):5040–53. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2017.1905.

White HM, Richert BT, Schinckel AP, Burgess JR, Donkin SS, Latour MA. Effects of temperature stress on growth performance and bacon quality in grow-finish pigs housed at two densities. J Anim Sci. 2008;86(8):1789–98. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0801.

Quiniou N, Dubois S, Noblet J. Voluntary feed intake and feeding behaviour of group-housed growing pigs are affected by ambient temperature and body weight. Livest Prod Sci. 2000;63(3):245–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00135-9.

Patience JF, Umboh JF, Chaplin RK, Nyachoti CM. Nutritional and physiological responses of growing pigs exposed to a diurnal pattern of heat stress. Livest Prod Sci. 2005;96(2):205–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.01.012.

Oliver SR, Phillips NA, Novosad VL, Bakos MP, Talbert EE, Clanton TL. Hyperthermia induces injury to the intestinal mucosa in the mouse: evidence for an oxidative stress mechanism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;302(7):845–53. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00595.2011.

Ringseis R, Eder K. Heat stress in pigs and broilers: role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2022;13:126. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00783-3.

Pearce SC, Mani V, Boddicker RL, Johnson JS, Weber TE, Ross JW, et al. Heat stress reduces intestinal barrier integrity and favors intestinal glucose transport in growing pigs. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70215. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070215.

Montilla SIR, Johnson TP, Pearce SC, Gardan-Salmon D, Gabler NK, Ross JW, et al. Heat stress causes oxidative stress but not inflammatory signaling in porcine skeletal muscle. Temperature. 2014;1(1):42–50. https://doi.org/10.4161/temp.28844.

Volodina O, Ganesan S, Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, et al. Short-term heat stress alters redox balance in porcine skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2017;5(8):e13267. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13267.

Victoria SF, Johnson JS, Abuajamieh M, Stoakes SK, Seibert JT, Cox L, et al. Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. Phys Rep. 2015;3(2):e12315. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12315.

Sakaguchi Y, Stephens LC, Makino M, Kaneko T, Strebel FR, Danhauser LL, et al. Apoptosis in tumors and normal tissues induced by whole body hyperthermia in rats. Cancer Res. 1995;55(22):5459.

Zhang H, Tsao R. Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Curr Opin Food Sci. 2016;8:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2016.02.002.

Sies H, Stahl W, Sundquist AR. Antioxidant functions of vitamins. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;669(1):7–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb17085.x.

Reuter S, Gupta SC, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;49(11):1603–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006.

Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: a review. Eur J Med Chem. 2015;97:55–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040.

Liu F, Cottrell JJ, Furness JB, Rivera LR, Kelly FW, Wijesiriwardana U, et al. Selenium and vitamin E together improve intestinal epithelial barrier function and alleviate oxidative stress in heat-stressed pigs. Exp Physiol. 2016;101(7):801–10. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085746.

Niu ZY, Liu FZ, Yan QL, Li WC. Effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci. 2009;88(10):2101–7. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00220.

Bollengier-Lee S. Optimal dietary concentration of vitamin E for alleviating the effect of heat stress on egg production in laying hens. Br Poult Sci. 1999;40(1):102–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987917.

Kirunda DF, Scheideler SE, McKee SR. The efficacy of vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation in hen diets to alleviate egg quality deterioration associated with high temperature exposure. Poult Sci. 2001;80(9):1378–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.9.1378.

van Heugten E, Sweet LA, Stumpf TT, Risley CR, Schell TC. Effects of water supplementation with selenium and vitamin E on growth performance and blood selenium and serum vitamin E concentrations in weanling pigs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997;211(8):1039–42.

Wilburn EE, Mahan DC, Hill DA, Shipp TE, Yang H. An evaluation of natural (RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate) and synthetic (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) vitamin E fortification in the diet or drinking water of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 2008;86(3):584–91. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0377.

Surai PF. Polyphenol compounds in the chicken/animal diet: from the past to the future. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2014;98(1):19–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12070.

Zhang HJ, Jiang XR, Mantovani G, Lumbreras AEV, Comi M, Alborali G, et al. Modulation of plasma antioxidant activity in weaned piglets by plant polyphenols. Ital J Anim Sci. 2014;13(2):3242-ijas.2014.3242. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2014.3242.

Verhelst R, Schroyen M, Buys N, Niewold T. Dietary polyphenols reduce diarrhea in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infected post-weaning piglets. Livest Sci. 2014;160:138–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.026.

Mahfuz S, Shang Q, Piao X. Phenolic compounds as natural feed additives in poultry and swine diets: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021;12:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00565-3.

Kim BG, Lindemann MD. A spreadsheet method for experimental animal allotment. J Anim Sci. 2007;85(Suppl. 2):112.

Flohr JR, DeRouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Dritz SS. A survey of current feeding regimens for vitamins and trace minerals in the US swine industry. J Swine Health Prod. 2016;24(6):290–303.

Moreira I, Mahan DC. Effect of dietary levels of vitamin E (all-rac-tocopheryl acetate) with or without added fat on weanling pig performance and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentration. J Anim Sci. 2002;80(3):663–9. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.803663x.

National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington: National Academy Press; 2012.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official methods of analysis. Gaithersburg: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2006.

Touchette KJ, Carroll JA, Allee GL, Matteri RL, Dyer CJ, Beausang LA, et al. Effect of spray-dried plasma and lipopolysaccharide exposure on weaned pigs: I. effects on the immune axis of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 2002;80(2):494–501. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.802494x.

Almeida JS, Iriabho EE, Gorrepati VL, Wilkinson SR, Grüneberg A, Robbins DE, et al. ImageJS: Personalized, participated, pervasive, and reproducible image bioinformatics in the web browser. J Pathol Inform. 2012;3(1):25. https://doi.org/10.4103/2153-3539.98813.

Pearce SC, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Hollis JH, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. Short term exposure to heat stress attenuates appetite and intestinal integrity in growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2014;92(12):5444. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8407.

Renaudeau D, Gourdine JL, St-Pierre NR. A meta-analysis of the effects of high ambient temperature on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2011;89(7):2220–30. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3329.

Collin A, van Milgen J, Dubois S, Noblet J. Effect of high temperature and feeding level on energy utilization in piglets. J Anim Sci. 2001;79(7):1849. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.7971849x.

Kerr BJ, Yen JT, Nienaber JA, Easter RA. Influences of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation and environmental temperature on performance, body composition, organ weights and total heat production of growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2003;81(8):1998–2007. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8181998x.

Hasty JL, van Heugten E, See MT, Larick DK. Effect of vitamin E on improving fresh pork quality in Berkshire- and Hampshire-sired pigs. J Anim Sci. 2002;80(12):3230–7. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.80123230x.

Ebrahimzadeh SK, Navidshad B, Farhoomand P, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F. Effects of grape pomace and vitamin E on performance, antioxidant status, immune response, gut morphology and histopathological responses in broiler chickens. S Afr J Anim Sci. 2018;48(2):324–36. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v48i2.13.

Xiong Y, Cao S, Xiao H, Wu Q, Yi H, Jiang Z, et al. Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition coincide with impaired intestinal morphology and dysfunctional ileal immune response in growing-finishing pigs under constant chronic heat stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2022;13:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00651-6.

Vajrabukka C, Thwaites CJ, Farrell DJ. Overcoming the effects of high temperature on pig growth. Recent Adv Anim Nutr. 1981;6:99–114.

Cervantes M, Antoine D, Valle JA, Vásquez N, Camacho RL, Bernal H, et al. Effect of feed intake level on the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress conditions. J Therm Biol. 2018;76:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.010.

Yu J, Yin P, Liu F, Cheng G, Guo K, Lu A, et al. Effect of heat stress on the porcine small intestine: a morphological and gene expression study. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2010;156(1):119–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.008.

Kurz A. Physiology of thermoregulation. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2008;22(4):627–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2008.06.004.

Renaudeau D, Anais C, Tel L, Gourdine JL. Effect of temperature on thermal acclimation in growing pigs estimated using a nonlinear function. J Anim Sci. 2010;88(11):3715–24. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2169.

Gessner DK, Fiesel A, Most E, Dinges J, Wen G, Ringseis R, et al. Supplementation of a grape seed and grape marc meal extract decreases activities of the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in the duodenal mucosa of pigs. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-55-18.

Chow CK. Vitamin E and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;11(2):215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(91)90174-2.

Silva-Guillen YV, Arellano C, Boyd RD, Martinez G, van Heugten E. Growth performance, oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2020;11:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-0431-9.

Augustin K, Blank R, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Frank J, Wolffram S, Rimbach G. Dietary green tea polyphenols do not affect vitamin E status, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2008;92(6):705–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00768.x.

Luehring M, Blank R, Wolffram S. Vitamin E-sparing and vitamin E-independent antioxidative effects of the flavonol quercetin in growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2011;169(3–4):199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.06.006.

Grotto D, Maria LS, Valentini J, Paniz C, Schmitt G, Garcia SC, et al. Importance of the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and methodological aspects FOR malondialdehyde quantification. Quím Nova. 2009;32(1):169–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000100032.

Gerasopoulos K, Stagos D, Petrotos K, Kokkas S, Kantas D, Goulas P, et al. Feed supplemented with polyphenolic byproduct from olive mill wastewater processing improves the redox status in blood and tissues of piglets. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;86:319–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.007.

Goñi I, Brenes A, Centeno C, Viveros A, Saura-Calixto F, Rebolé A, et al. Effect of dietary grape pomace and vitamin E on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and susceptibility to meat lipid oxidation in chickens. Poult Sci. 2007;86(3):508–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.3.508.

Belviranli M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Büyükba S. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in diabetic rat liver: effect of plant polyphenols. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2012;118(5):237–43. https://doi.org/10.3109/13813455.2012.702775.

Silva-Guillen Y, Arellano C, Martínez G, van Heugten E. Growth performance, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity of newly weaned piglets fed dietary peroxidized lipids with vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in drinking water. Appl Anim Sci. 2020;36(3):341–51. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01976.

Lambert GP, Gisolfi CV, Berg DJ, Moseley PL, Oberley LW, Kregel KC. Selected contribution: hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Appl Physiol. 2002;92(4):1750. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00787.2001.

Maini S, Rastogi SK, Korde JP, Madan AK, Shukla SK. Evaluation of oxidative stress and its amelioration through certain antioxidants in broilers during summer. J Poult Sci. 2007;44(3):339–47. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.44.339.

Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, et al. Tight junction proteins and signaling pathways in cancer and inflammation: a functional crosstalk. Front Physiol. 2019;9:1942. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01942.

Bouchama A, Parhar RS, El-Yazigi A, Sheth K, A-Sedairy S. Endotoxemia and release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 alpha in acute heatstroke. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70(6):2640–4. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2640.

Gabler NK, Koltes D, Schaumberger S, Murugesan GR, Reisinger N. Diurnal heat stress reduces pig intestinal integrity and increases endotoxin translocation. Transl Anim Sci. 2018;2(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txx003.

Pearce SC, Sanz Fernandez MV, Torrison J, Wilson ME, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. Dietary organic zinc attenuates heat stress–induced changes in pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. J Anim Sci. 2015;93(10):4702–13. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9018.

Cannon J, Tompkins RG, Gelfand JA, Michie HR, Stanford GG, van der Meer JWM, et al. Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in septic shock and experimental endotoxin fever. J Infect Dis. 1990;161(1):79–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/161.1.79.

McInnes IB. Cytokines. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O’Dell JR, editors. Kelley and Firestein’s textbook of rheumatology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 396–407.

Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I. Interleukin-8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine. FEBS Lett. 1992;307(1):97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(92)80909-Z.

Arend WP, Malyak M, Guthridge CJ, Gabay C. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:27–55. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.27.

Artis D. Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(6):411–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2316.

Whalan JE. A toxicologist’s guide to clinical pathology in animals. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15853-2_6.

Cicha I, Suzuki Y, Tateishi N, Maeda N. Rheological changes in human red blood cells under oxidative stress. Pathophysiol. 1999;6(2):103–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00005-X.

Adenkola AY, Ayo JO, Asala OO. Variations in haematological parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of pigs during hot-dry and harmattan season in Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011;26(2):113.

Habibu B, Dzenda T, Ayo JO, Yaqub LS, Kawu MU. Haematological changes and plasma fluid dynamics in livestock during thermal stress, and response to mitigative measures. Livest Sci. 2018;214:189–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.05.023.

Thorn CE, Bowman AS, Eckersall D. Hematology of pigs. In: Brooks MB, Harr KE, Seelig DM, Wardrop KJ, Weiss DJ, editors. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Hoboken: Wiley; 2022. p. 1019–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119500537.ch113.

Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, El-Shafey AS, Rehab YA, Kim WK. Enhancing tolerance of broiler chickens to heat stress by supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and/or probiotics. Annals Anim Sci. 2017;17(4):1155–69. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0012.

Stukelj M, Valencak Z, Krsnik M, Svete AN. The effect of the combination of acids and tannin in diet on the performance and selected biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme parameters in grower pigs. Acta Vet Scand. 2010;52:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-52-19.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Thông tin tác giả