Sudden expansion of a single brown bear maternal lineage across northern continental Eurasia after the last ice age: a general demographic model for mammals?

Molecular Ecology - Tập 18 Số 9 - Trang 1963-1979 - 2009
Marju Korsten1, Simon Y. W. Ho2, John Davison1, BERIT PÄHN1, Egle Vulla1, MARIS ROHT1, И. Л. Туманов3, Ilpo Kojola4, Žanete Andersone-Lilley5, Jānis Ozoliņš6, Małgorzata Pilot7, Yorgos Mertzanis8, Alexios Giannakopoulos9, ALEX A. VOROBIEV10, Nikolay Markov10, Alexander P. Saveljev11, E. A. Lyapunova12, Alexei V. Abramov13, Peep Männil14, Harri Valdmann1, SERGEI V. PAZETNOV15, VALENTIN S. PAZETNOV15, ALEXANDER M. RÕKOV16, Urmas Saarma1,17
1Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
2Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
3Research Institute of Nature Conservation of the Arctic and North, nab. Chornoy Rechki 8‐40, 197183 St Petersburg, Russia
4Oulu Game and Fisheries Research, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Tutkijatie 2A, 90570 Oulu, Finland
5WWF‐Norway, Kristian August gate 7A, Postboks 6784 St Olavs. Plass, Oslo, Norway
6State Forest Service, 13. Janvara Str. 15, Riga, LV-1932, Latvia
7Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul Wilcza 64, 00‐679 Warszawa, Poland,
8Callisto Ngo, 123, Mitropoleos str., GR‐54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
9Laboratory of Biodiversity Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of the Aegean, Lofos Xenia, 51100, Mitilini, Greece
10Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. 8 Marta 202, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia,
11Professor B.M.Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ul. Engel'sa 79, 610000 Kirov, Russia
12N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia,
13Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
14Centre of Forest Protection and Silviculture, Rõõmu tee 2, 51013 Tartu, Estonia
15Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve, 172862 Bubonitsi, Toporetski District, Tver Region, Russia
16State Nature Reserve ‘Pinezhski’, ul. Pervomayskaja 123a, Pinega, Arkhangelsk Region, Russia
17Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe brown bear has proved a useful model for studying Late Quaternary mammalian phylogeography. However, information is lacking from northern continental Eurasia, which constitutes a large part of the species’ current distribution. We analysed mitochondrial DNA sequences (totalling 1943 bp) from 205 bears from northeast Europe and Russia in order to characterize the maternal phylogeography of bears in this region. We also estimated the formation times of the sampled brown bear lineages and those of its extinct relative, the cave bear.Four closely related haplogroups belonging to a single mitochondrial subclade were identified in northern continental Eurasia. Several haplotypes were found throughout the whole study area, while one haplogroup was restricted to Kamchatka. The haplotype network, estimated divergence times and various statistical tests indicated that bears in northern continental Eurasia recently underwent a sudden expansion, preceded by a severe bottleneck. This brown bear population was therefore most likely founded by a small number of bears that were restricted to a single refuge area during the last glacial maximum. This pattern has been described previously for other mammal species and as such may represent one general model for the phylogeography of Eurasian mammals. Bayesian divergence time estimates are presented for different brown and cave bear clades. Moreover, our results demonstrate the extent of substitution rate variation occurring throughout the phylogenetic tree, highlighting the need for appropriate calibration when estimating divergence times.

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Molecular Ecology

Tập 18 Số 9

1963-1979

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