Structural and functional changes in maternal left ventricle during pregnancy: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study

Presbitero P, Boccuzzi GG, Groot CJM, Roos-Hesselink JW: ESC textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.

Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM, Alvarez AN, Mercier LA, Morton BC, et al.: Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease.Circulation 2001, 104:515–21. 10.1161/hc3001.093437

Desai DK, Moodley J, Naidoo DP: Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics in normal pregnancy.Obstet Gynecol 2004, 104:20–9. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000128170.15161.1d

Simmons LA, Gillin AG, Jeremy RW: Structural and functional changes in left ventricle during normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancy.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 283:H1627–33.

Bamfo JE, Kametas NA, Nicolaides KH, Chambers JB: Reference ranges for tissue Doppler measures of maternal systolic and diastolic left ventricular function.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007, 29:414–20. 10.1002/uog.3966

Bamfo JE, Kametas NA, Nicolaides KH, Chambers JB: Maternal left ventricular diastolic and systolic long-axis function during normal pregnancy [J].Eur J Echocardiogr 2007,8(5):360–368. 10.1016/j.euje.2006.12.004

Vlahovic-Stipac A, Stankic V, Popovic ZB, Putnikovic B, Neskovic AN: Left ventricular function in gestational hypertension: serial echocardiographic study.Am J Hypertens 2010, 23:85–91. 10.1038/ajh.2009.168

Savu O, Jurcut R, Giusca S, van Mieghem T, Gussi I, Popescu BA, et al.: Morphological and functional adaptation of the maternal heart during pregnancy.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012, 5:289–97. 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.970012

Wu VC, Takeuchi M, Otani K, Haruki N, Yoshitani H, Tamura M, et al.: Effect of through-plane and twisting motion on left ventricular strain calculation: direct comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013, 26:1274–1281.e1274. 10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.006

Saito K, Okura H, Watanabe N, Hayashida A, Obase K, Imai K, et al.: Comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular strain using speckle tracking echocardiography in normal adults: comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional approaches.J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009, 22:1025–30. 10.1016/j.echo.2009.05.021

Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, Belohlavek M, Cardim NM, Derumeaux G, et al.: Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography.Eur J Echocardiogr 2011, 12:167–205. 10.1093/ejechocard/jer021

Lang R, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al.: Recommendations for chamber quantification.Eur J Echocardiogr 2006, 7:79–108. 10.1016/j.euje.2005.12.014

Galderisi M, Esposito R, Schiano-Lomoriello V, Santoro A, Ippolito R, Schiattarella P, et al.: Correlates of global area strain in native hypertensive patients: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study.Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012, 13:730–8. 10.1093/ehjci/jes026

Nesser HJ, Mor-Avi V, Gorissen W, Weinert L, Steringer-Mascherbauer R, Niel J, et al.: Quantification of left ventricular volumes using three-dimensional echocardiographic speckle tracking: comparison with MRI.Eur Heart J 2009, 30:1565–73. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp187

Mor-Avi V, Lang RM: The use of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for the quantification of left ventricular volumes and function.Curr Opin Cardiol 2009, 24:402–9. 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32832cbb8a

Mavinkurve-Groothuis AM, Weijers G, Groot-Loonen J, Pourier M, Feuth T, de Korte CL, et al.: Interobserver, intraobserver and intrapatient reliability scores of myocardial strain imaging with 2-d echocardiography in patients treated with anthracyclines.Ultrasound Med Biol 2009, 35:697–704. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.09.026

Marwick TH: Consistency of myocardial deformation imaging between vendors.Eur J Echocardiogr 2010, 11:414–6. 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq006

Seo Y, Ishizu T, Enomoto Y, Sugimori H, Aonuma K: Endocardial surface area tracking for assessment of regional LV wall deformation with 3D speckle tracking imaging.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011, 4:358–65. 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.12.007

Palmieri V, Russo C, Buonomo A, Palmieri EA, Celentano A: Novel wall motion score-based method for estimating global left ventricular ejection fraction: validation by real-time 3D echocardiography and global longitudinal strain.Eur J Echocardiogr 2010, 11:125–30. 10.1093/ejechocard/jep177

Kleijn SA, Aly MF, Terwee CB, van Rossum AC, Kamp O: Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for automatic assessment of global and regional left ventricular function based on area strain.J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011, 24:314–21. 10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.014

Wen H, Liang Z, Zhao Y, Yang K: Feasibility of detecting early left ventricular systolic dysfunction using global area strain: a novel index derived from three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.Eur J Echocardiogr 2011, 12:910–6. 10.1093/ejechocard/jer162

Jurcut R, Wildiers H, Ganame J, D'Hooge J, De Backer J, Denys H, et al.: Strain rate imaging detects early cardiac effects of pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin as adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with breast cancer.J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008, 21:1283–9. 10.1016/j.echo.2008.10.005

Marciniak A, Claus P, Sutherland GR, Marciniak M, Karu T, Baltabaeva A, et al.: Changes in systolic left ventricular function in isolated mitral regurgitation. A strain rate imaging study.Eur Heart J 2007, 28:2627–36. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm072

Hill JA, Olson EN: Cardiac plasticity.N Engl J Med 2008, 358:1370–80. 10.1056/NEJMra072139

Lilly LS: Braunwald’s Heart Disease: Review And Assessment (8Th Edition). India: Elsevier/Paras Medical Books; 2008.

Silversides C, Colman JM: Heart Disease in Pregnancy. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing; 2007.