Strategies to promote Chinese international students’ school performance: resolving the challenges in American higher education

Dongfang Liu1
1University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA

Tóm tắt

In recent years, there has been an increase in Chinese international students attending American universities. Chinese international students in American higher education represent the largest group of international students from a single country. However, research and media reports have documented that Chinese students in America are now facing a variety of difficulties in their education in America. In this regard, this study aims to track Chinese international student progress and further identify supports that may increase their academic success at American universities and colleges. Informed by the voices and experiences of participants, the findings from the study demonstrate that the Chinese international students who are currently attending American higher education are facing difficulties in language proficiency, emotional issues, and American pedagogy. Based on the findings, the author has provided recommendations to increase Chinese international students’ academic success in American institutions of higher education.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abelmann, N., & Kang, J. (2014). A Fraught Exchange? U.S. media on Chinese international undergraduates and the American. University Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(4), 382–397. Andrade, M. S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131–154. Bartlett, T., & Fischer, K. (2011). The China Conundrum. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/education/edlife/the-china-conundrum.html?_r=0. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Chu, T. (2004). 150 Years of Chinese Students in America. Harvard China Review, 5(1), 7–2. Fischer, K. (2012). Many foreign students find themselves friendless in the U.S., study finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Fischer, K. (2014). For Some Foreign Students, U.S. Education is losing its attraction. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/26/world/asia/for-some-foreign-students-us-education-is-losing-its-attraction.html?_r=0. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. FlorCruz, M. (2013). 1 In 4 Chinese students drop out of ivy universities and return home for jobs. International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/1-4-chinese-students-drop-out-ivy-universities-return-home-jobs-1446382. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Frankel, R. M. (1999). Standards of qualitative research. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 333–346). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Gao, S. (2012). The biggest English corner in china. English Today, 28(3), 34–39. doi:10.1017/S0266078412000296. Gareis, E. (2012). Intercultural friendship: Effects of home and host region. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 5, 309–328. Harris, D. (2012). Chinese students in America. It’s bad out there. China Low Blog. Retrieved from http://www.chinalawblog.com/2012/01/chinese_students_in_america_why_do_they_even_bother.html. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Holmes, P. (2004). Negotiating differences in learning and intercultural communication: Ethnic Chinese students in a New Zealand University. Business Communication Quarterly, 67, 294–307. Ip, D., Chui, E., & Johnson, H. (2009). Learning experiences and outcomes of culturally and linguistically diverse students at The University of Queensland: A preliminary study. Brisbane: School of Social Science, The University of Queensland. Jie, L., & Xiaoqing, Q. (2006). Language learning styles and learning strategies of tertiary-level English learners in china. Regional Language Centre Journal, 37(1), 67–90. doi:10.1177/0033688206063475. Jinyan, H. (2005). Challenges of Academic Listening in English: Reports by Chinese Students. College Student Journal, 39(3), 553–569. Kaufman, J. (2004). The Interplay between social and cultural determinants of school effort and success: an investigation of Chinese-immigrant and second-generation Chinese students’ perceptions toward school. Social Science Quarterly, 85(5), 1275–1298. Kettle, M., Yuan, Y., Luke, A., Ewing, R., & Shen, H. (2012). The pedagogical, linguistic, and content features of popular English language learning websites in china: A framework for analysis and design. Frontiers of Education in China, 7(4), 534. Lesch, A., Pisano, J., & Kapila, Y. L. (2014). The student perspective: International exchange programs. The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association, 96(6), 33. Leutwyler, B., & Meierhans, C. (2016). Effects of international student exchange on pre-service teachers: A quasi-experimental study. Intercultural Education, 1, 20. doi:10.1080/14675986.2016.1144713. Liu, S. (2013). Chinese students are dropping out of school in US. Sino-US. Retrieved from http://www.sino-us.com/292/Chinese-students-are-dropping-out-of-school-in-US.html. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Liu, D., Brancato, V., & Da, F. (2014). International high school development in Chongqing: test preparation vs. university preparation. ICEMSS, 14, 48–52. doi:10.2991/icemss-14.2014.14. Luo, C. (2013). One in four Chinese students drop out of Ivy League schools. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1342846/study-one-four-chinese-students-drop-out-ivy-league-schools. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. McClure, J. W. (2007). International graduates’ cross-cultural adjustment: Experiences, coping strategies, and suggested programmatic responses. Teaching in Higher Education, 12(2), 199–217. Meadows, L. M., & Morse, J. M. (2001). Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. In J. M. Morse, J. M. Swansen, & A. Kuzel (Eds.), Nature of qualitative evidence (pp. 187–200). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Moller, S., Stearns, E., Potochnick, S. R., & Southworth, S. (2011). Student Achievement and College Selectivity: How Changes in Achievement During High School Affect the Selectivity of College Attended. Youth & Society, 43(2), 656–680. doi:10.1177/0044118X10365629. Robinson, J., & Guan, X. (2012). The changing face of international education in china. On the Horizon, 20(4), 305–312. doi:10.1108/10748121211272443. Ruiz, N. G. (2014). The geography of foreign students in U.S. higher education: origins and destinations. Brookings. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/2014/geography-of-foreign-students#/M10420. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Ruiz, N. G. (2013). Immigration facts on foreign students. Brookings. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/2013/facts-on-foreign-students. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Sawir, E. (2005). Language difficulties of international students in Australia: The effects of prior learning experience. International Education Journal, 6(5), 567–580. Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C., & Ramia, G. (2008). Loneliness and international students: An Australian study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 148–180. Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. (2010). International Students: A vulnerable student population. Higher Education, 60(1), 33–46. Siu, S. (1994). Taking no chances: A profile of a Chinese-American family’s support for school success. Equity and Choice, 10(2), 23–32. Smith, L. (2007). Foreign Students Still Face Hurdles. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(45), 31–41. Suido, S. M., Shaunessy, E., Michalowski, J., & Shaffer, E. S. (2008). Coping strategies of high school students in an International Baccalaureate program. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 960–977. Tweed, R. G., & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Learning considered within a cultural context. American Psychologist, 57(2), 89–99. USNEWS. (2015). National Universities Rankings. Retrieved from http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities?int=9ff208. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Wang, Y. (2003). The contextual knowledge of language and culture in education: Exploring the American university experiences of Chinese graduate students. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://aquila.usm.edu/theses_dissertations/2631/ Wang, L. (2013). Going global: The changing strategy of internationalisation of education in China. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(3), 305–315. Yan, K., & Berliner, D. (2009). Chinese international student’s academic stressors in the United States. College Student Journal, 43(4), 939–960. Yeh, C. J., & Inose, M. (2003). International students’ reported English fluency, social support satisfaction, and social connectedness as predictors of acculturative stress. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 16(1), 15–28. Zhao, E. (2013). Chinese students struggle for returns on education in U.S. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2013/03/27/chinese-students-struggle-for-returns-on-education-in-u. Accessed 1 Dec 2015. Zhao, Y., Jindal-Snape, D., Topping, K., & Todman, J. (2008). Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63–75. Zhou, Z., Peverly, S. T., Xin, T., Huang, A. S., & Wang, W. (2003). School adjustment of first-generation Chinese-American adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 40(1), 71–84. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pits.10070/abstract