Kỳ thị trong rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý

ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - Tập 4 - Trang 101-114 - 2012
Anna K. Mueller1, Anselm B. M. Fuermaier1, Janneke Koerts1, Lara Tucha1
1Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý (ADHD) là một rối loạn thường được chẩn đoán ở trẻ em và người lớn, có ảnh hưởng lớn đến nhiều khía cạnh trong đời sống xã hội. Do đó, những bệnh nhân bị ADHD có nguy cơ cao phải đối mặt với sự kỳ thị, định kiến và phân biệt đối xử. Một nghiên cứu tổng quan về các nghiên cứu thực nghiệm trong lĩnh vực ADHD liên quan đến kỳ thị đã được thực hiện. Những phát hiện từ các điều tra trong lĩnh vực này được phân loại thành nhiều danh mục khác nhau, bao gồm kỳ thị ở trẻ em mắc ADHD, kỳ thị ở người lớn mắc ADHD, kỳ thị ở người thân hoặc những người gần gũi với bệnh nhân ADHD, và ảnh hưởng của kỳ thị đối với thái độ của các cơ quan chức năng đối với bệnh nhân ADHD. Các yếu tố được xác định có ảnh hưởng đến sự kỳ thị trong ADHD bao gồm sự không chắc chắn của công chúng về độ tin cậy/giá trị của chẩn đoán ADHD và đánh giá chẩn đoán liên quan, cảm nhận về nguy hiểm của cá nhân mắc ADHD từ phía công chúng, các yếu tố xã hội-dân số như tuổi tác, giới tính và dân tộc của người trả lời hoặc cá nhân mục tiêu mắc ADHD, sự kỳ thị đối với phương pháp điều trị ADHD, ví dụ như sự hoài nghi của công chúng đối với thuốc điều trị ADHD và việc tiết lộ tình trạng chẩn đoán cũng như trạng thái điều trị của cá nhân mắc ADHD. Những tác động của kỳ thị liên quan đến ADHD có thể được coi là một yếu tố nguy cơ bị đánh giá thấp, ảnh hưởng đến việc tuân thủ điều trị, hiệu quả điều trị, sự trầm trọng của triệu chứng, mức độ hài lòng với cuộc sống, và sức khỏe tâm thần của những cá nhân bị ảnh hưởng bởi ADHD. Các khái niệm của công chúng cũng như các chuyên gia y tế về ADHD rất đa dạng, làm cho những cá nhân có chẩn đoán ADHD có nguy cơ cao hơn bị kỳ thị.

Từ khóa

#Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý #kỳ thị #nghiên cứu thực nghiệm

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Thông tin xuất bản

ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

Tập 4

101-114

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