Stem cells and neurological diseases

Cell Proliferation - Tập 41 Số s1 - Trang 94-114 - 2008
David C. Hess1, Cesar V. Borlongan2,3
1Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
2Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, and
3Medical Research Service, VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract.  Cells of the central nervous system were once thought to be incapable of regeneration. This dogma has been challenged in the last decade with studies showing new, migrating stem cells in the brain in many rodent injury models and findings of new neurones in the human hippocampus in adults. Moreover, there are reports of bone marrow‐derived cells developing neuronal and vascular phenotypes and aiding in repair of injured brain. These findings have fuelled excitement and interest in regenerative medicine for neurological diseases, arguably the most difficult diseases to treat. There are numerous proposed regenerative approaches to neurological diseases. These include cell therapy approaches in which cells are delivered intracerebrally or are infused by an intravenous or intra‐arterial route; stem cell mobilization approaches in which endogenous stem and progenitor cells are mobilized by cytokines such as granulocyte colony stimulatory factor (GCSF) or chemokines such as SDF‐1; trophic and growth factor support, such as delivering brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the brain to support injured neurones; these approaches may be used together to maximize recovery. While initially, it was thought that cell therapy might work by a ‘cell replacement’ mechanism, a large body of evidence is emerging that cell therapy works by providing trophic or ‘chaperone’ support to the injured tissue and brain. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis are coupled in the brain. Increasing angiogenesis with adult stem cell approaches in rodent models of stroke leads to preservation of neurones and improved functional outcome. A number of stem and progenitor cell types has been proposed as therapy for neurological disease ranging from neural stem cells to bone marrow derived stem cells to embryonic stem cells. Any cell therapy approach to neurological disease will have to be scalable and easily commercialized if it will have the necessary impact on public health. Currently, bone marrow‐derived cell populations such as the marrow stromal cell, multipotential progenitor cells, umbilical cord stem cells and neural stem cells meet these criteria the best. Of great clinical significance, initial evidence suggests these cell types may be delivered by an allogeneic approach, so strict tissue matching may not be necessary. The most immediate impact on patients will be achieved by making use of the trophic support capability of cell therapy and not by a cell replacement mechanism.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1182/blood-2004-04-1559

10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00770-5

10.1038/nature02069

10.1038/nm747

10.1073/pnas.0306431101

10.1073/pnas.95.7.3908

10.1002/ana.20501

10.1038/nbt870

10.1089/scd.2006.15.407

10.1002/14651858.CD005207.pub2

10.1038/sj.gt.3302679

10.1634/stemcells.2004-0094

10.1182/blood-2004-07-2921

10.1073/pnas.0605177103

10.1073/pnas.022438099

10.1161/01.STR.0000141680.49960.d7

10.1006/exnr.1997.6730

10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.013

10.1126/science.290.5497.1775

10.1073/pnas.97.19.10526

10.1126/science.276.5309.81

10.1126/science.1115200

10.1093/brain/123.7.1380

10.1007/978-1-4615-6349-5_14

10.1001/archneur.62.6.860

10.1159/000092088

10.1002/jcb.20886

10.1016/S0022-510X(01)00557-3

10.1161/01.STR.32.4.1005

10.1073/pnas.0406795101

10.1161/hs1101.098367

10.1002/jnr.10691

10.1161/01.RES.0000063425.51108.8D

10.1634/stemcells.2004-0251

10.1126/science.275.5301.838

10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00040-6

10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16102-3

10.1634/stemcells.2006-0174

10.1038/nn1144

10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80783-7

10.1517/13543784.13.11.1517

10.1002/ar.1092100214

10.1002/cne.903120311

Doucette R, 1995, Olfactory ensheathing cells: potential for glial cell transplantation into areas of CNS injury, Histol. Histopathol, 10, 503

10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00588-X

10.1073/pnas.94.8.4080

10.1007/BF03402029

10.1182/blood-2005-03-1004

10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044

10.1038/3305

10.1056/NEJMoa042604

10.1093/brain/awh657

10.1056/NEJM200103083441002

Guo L, 2005, Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells in vitro, Biomed. Environ. Sci, 18, 36

10.1001/archneur.56.2.179

10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.11.005

10.1093/jnen/63.1.84

10.1073/pnas.0408258102

10.1038/nature00870

10.1016/S0301-472X(02)00869-X

10.1073/pnas.1834196100

10.1517/14712598.3.5.759

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563668

Kerr DA, 2003, Human embryonic germ cell derivatives facilitate motor recovery of rats with diffuse motor neuron injury, J. Neurosci, 23, 5131, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05131.2003

10.1089/hum.2005.16.509

10.1084/jem.20040440

10.1073/pnas.0506473102

10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0038

10.1212/WNL.55.4.565

10.1126/science.290.5492.767

10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.191

10.1007/s00281-004-0166-2

10.1056/NEJM199804163381605

10.1016/0963-6897(95)00021-O

10.1016/j.exphem.2005.01.016

10.1038/sj.leu.2404171

10.1002/ana.20737

10.1212/WNL.56.12.1666

10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02384-9

10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01502-4

10.1080/10790268.2006.11753874

10.1126/science.8493557

10.1038/nature04960

10.1002/ana.410310206

LiuH HonmouO HaradaK NakamuraK HoukinK HamadaH KocsisJD(2006)Neuroprotection by PlGF gene‐modified human mesenchymal stem cells after cerebral ischaemia.Brain129(Pt10) 2734–2745. Epub August 2006.

10.1194/jlr.R600010-JLR200

10.1097/01.jnen.0000225024.12074.80

10.1038/35016083

10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.056

10.1111/j.1365-2184.2005.00346.x

10.1126/science.290.5497.1779

10.1073/pnas.0336479100

10.1126/science.1079318

10.1038/nrn786

10.3727/000000006783982043

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.062

10.1002/ana.10720

10.1038/nbt750

10.1038/nbt751

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2676-05.2006

10.1002/ana.20374

10.1038/nature01552

10.1038/nature03889

10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.12.011

10.1038/nm1201-1356

10.1096/fj.03-0214fje

Ramon y Cajal S, 1928, Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System

10.1182/blood-2005-03-1189

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1998-04.2004

10.1172/JCI23559

10.1016/j.conb.2004.01.004

10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600311

10.1161/01.CIR.0000142616.07367.66

10.3171/jns.2005.102.2.0216

10.1056/NEJMoa032613

10.1634/stemcells.2004-0316

10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00538.x

10.1006/exnr.1997.6634

10.1006/exnr.1996.0039

10.1172/JCI200420622

10.1172/JCI21137

Taupin P, 2006, HuCNS‐SC (StemCells), Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther, 8, 156

10.1038/nature730

10.1634/stemcells.2005-0281

10.1097/00019052-199906000-00008

10.1517/14712598.6.1.17

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0837-06.2006

10.1161/01.STR.0000141681.06735.9b

10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.03.017

10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00542.x

10.1172/JCI27021

10.1126/science.1074807

10.1242/dev.02541

10.1161/01.STR.0000132196.49028.a4

10.1038/ncb1053

10.1002/jnr.10659

10.1002/jnr.10365

10.1002/1097-4547(20000815)61:4<364::AID-JNR2>3.0.CO;2-C

10.1007/s10545-006-0239-6

10.1515/REVNEURO.2006.17.1-2.215

10.3727/000000006783982034

10.1038/nrn1956

10.1182/blood-2005-04-1496

10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.03.018

10.1006/exnr.2001.7853

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Cell Proliferation

Tập 41 Số s1

94-114

Thông tin tác giả