Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in seals from the Canadian Arctic

Parasitology - Tập 138 Số 11 - Trang 1362-1368 - 2011
A. Simón1, Magaly Chambellant2,3, Brian J. Ward4, Manon Simard5, Jean‐François Proulx6, Bernadette M. Levesque7,8, M. Bigras-Poulin1, Alain N. Rousseau9, N. H. Ogden10
1Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Pathologie et microbiologie Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
2Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
3University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
4Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
5Makivik Corporation, Nunavik Research Center, Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
6Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Direction de la Santé Publique, Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Axe Santé des Populations et Environnement, Québec, Québec, Canada
8Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Québec, Québec, Canada
9Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec, Canada
10Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

Tóm tắt

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of seals. Associations between seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities (P=0·0119) and by capture year (P=0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw seal meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.

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Parasitology

Tập 138 Số 11

1362-1368

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