Spatial scale and movement behaviour traits control the impacts of habitat fragmentation on individual fitness

Journal of Animal Ecology - Tập 85 Số 1 - Trang 168-177 - 2016
Lorenzo Cattarino1, Clive McAlpine2,3, Jonathan R. Rhodes2,3
1Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
2Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072 Australia
3National Environmental Research Program Environmental Decisions Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072 Australia

Tóm tắt

Summary Habitat fragmentation, that is the breaking apart of habitat, can occur at multiple spatial scales at the same time, as a result of different land uses. Individuals of most species spend different amounts of times moving in different modes, during which they cover different distances and experience different fitness impacts. The scale at which fragmentation occurs interacts with the distance that individuals move in a particular mode to affect an individual's ability to find habitat. However, there is little knowledge of the fitness consequences of different scales of fragmentation for individuals with different traits of movement behaviour. This is critical to understand the mechanisms of persistence of different species in fragmented landscapes. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of habitat fragmentation at different scales on the fitness components (reproduction and survival) of individuals with different traits of movement behaviour. We developed a demographic model of individuals that adopt short and tortuous movements within foraging areas (foraging mode) and long and straight movements between foraging areas (searching mode). We considered individuals that adopt different movement modes with varying frequencies, inherently move different searching distances and experience different risks of mortality during searching. We then applied the model within a spatially explicit simulation framework where we varied simultaneously the degree of fragmentation within (fine scale) and between foraging areas (coarse scale). Fine‐scale fragmentation had a greater impact on reproduction and survival than coarse‐scale fragmentation, for those individuals with a low searching propensity. The impact of fine‐scale fragmentation on reproduction and survival interacted with the impact of coarse‐scale fragmentation on reproduction and survival, to affect the fitness of individuals with a high searching propensity, large inherent searching distances and high searching mortality rates. Habitat selection strongly mitigated the impact of the scale at which fragmentation occurred on individual fitness. Our findings suggest that the land use to target with conservation actions to reduce fragmentation, such as financial schemes that promote re‐vegetation or retention of standing vegetation, depends on the scale at which fragmentation occurs and the movement behaviour traits of the species of conservation concern.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Animal Ecology

Tập 85 Số 1

168-177

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