Tương tác giữa đất, thực vật và khí quyển: cấu trúc, chức năng và quy mô dự đoán cho việc giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 461 - Trang 5-27 - 2020
Lucas C. R. Silva1, Hans Lambers2,3
1Environmetal Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
2School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
3Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Tóm tắt

Đã có nhiều nghiên cứu chứng minh rằng chức năng của các hệ sinh thái đất liền phụ thuộc vào các phản hồi sinh vật lý và sinh địa hóa xảy ra tại giao diện đất-thực vật-khí quyển (SPA). Tuy nhiên, các quá trình sinh vật lý và sinh địa hóa động được vận hành ở quy mô địa phương thường ít được nghiên cứu kết hợp với các thuộc tính cấu trúc của hệ sinh thái do các ràng buộc môi trường rộng lớn gây ra. Kết quả là, tác động của các tương tác SPA đối với cách mà các hệ sinh thái phản ứng và ảnh hưởng đến môi trường toàn cầu vẫn khó có thể dự đoán. Chúng tôi xem xét các phát hiện gần đây liên kết các tương tác SPA cấu trúc và chức năng và đánh giá tiềm năng của chúng để dự đoán phản ứng của hệ sinh thái trước những áp lực môi trường kéo dài. Cụ thể, chúng tôi đề xuất một khuôn khổ định lượng cho phân tích tích hợp ba nhóm thực vật chức năng chính (cây thông thường xanh, cây lá rộng rụng, và cây bụi dưới tán) và các cộng sinh nấm mycorrhizal đặc trưng của chúng dưới các mức độ carbon dioxide tăng cao, khí hậu thay đổi và chế độ tác động. Đầu tiên, chúng tôi giải thích cách mà các chiến lược cộng sinh và cạnh tranh liên quan đến thực vật và vi sinh vật trong đất ảnh hưởng đến các mô hình không tỉ lệ của carbon, chất dinh dưỡng, và chất nước từ từng sinh vật đến các cảnh quan. Tiếp theo, chúng tôi tập trung vào mối quan hệ giữa các mô hình đó và các đặc tính cấu trúc như diện tích lá cụ thể, chỉ số diện tích lá, và các thuộc tính vật lý và hóa học của đất mà giới hạn sự kết nối của rễ và sự trao đổi khí ở tán cây. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi sử dụng những mối quan hệ đó để dự đoán cách mà thay đổi trong cấu trúc hệ sinh thái có thể ảnh hưởng đến các quá trình quan trọng cho sự ổn định khí hậu. Dựa trên lý thuyết sinh thái mới nổi và kiến thức sinh vật lý và sinh địa hóa thực nghiệm, chúng tôi đề xuất mười giả thuyết diễn giải phục vụ như một tập hợp các mối quan hệ phân cấp chính (hoặc quy tắc tỉ lệ), qua đó các tương tác SPA địa phương có thể được tổng hợp không gian và thời gian để thông báo các nỗ lực giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu rộng lớn. Để đạt được điều này, chúng tôi cung cấp một loạt các công thức số làm đơn giản hóa kết quả ròng của các tương tác SPA phức tạp như một bước đầu tiên hướng tới việc dự đoán sự thay đổi trong chu trình carbon, nước, và chất dinh dưỡng ở đất liền.

Từ khóa

#tương tác đất-thực vật-khí quyển #chức năng hệ sinh thái #cấu trúc hệ sinh thái #biến đổi khí hậu #mô hình dự đoán

Tài liệu tham khảo

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