Soil moisture and salt ionic composition effects on species distribution and diversity in semiarid inland saline habitats, northwestern China

Adam P (1990) Salt marsh ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Allen RB, McIntosh PD, Wilson JB (1997) The distribution of plants in relation to pH and salinity on inland saline/alkaline soils in Central Otago, New Zealand. New Zeal J Bot 35:517–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1987.10410175 Bai YF, Han XG, Wu JG, Chen ZZ, Li LH (2004) Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Nature 431:181–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02850 Bao SD (2000) Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis. China Agriculture Press, Beijing (in Chinese) Bertness MD, Gough L, Shumway SW (1992) Salt tolerances and the distribution of fugitive salt marsh plants. Ecology 73:1842–1851. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940035 Breckle SW (1986) Studies on halophytes from Iran and Afganistan. II. Ecology of halophytes along salt gradients. Proc R Soc Edinb B Bio Sci 89:203–215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269727000009039 Breckle SW, Wucherer W (2012) Halophytes and salt desertification in the Aralkum Area. In: Breckle SW, Wucherer W, Dimeyeva LA, Ogar NP (eds) Aralkum-a man-made desert. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 271–299 Brewer JS, Rand T, Levine JM, Bertness MD (1998) Biomass allocation, clonal dispersal, and competitive success in three salt marsh plants. Oikos 82:347–353. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546975 Brotherson JD (1987) Plant community zonation in response to soil gradients in a saline meadow near Utah Lake, Utah County, Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 47:322–333 Bui EN (2013) Soil salinity: a neglected factor in plant ecology and biogeography. J Arid Environ 92:14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.12.014 Burchill CA, Kenkel NC (1991) Vegetation-environment relationships of an inland boreal salt pan. Can J Bot 69:722–732. https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-098 Cantero JJ, Cisneros JM, Zobel M, Cantero A (1998) Environmental relationships of vegetation patterns in salt marshes of central Argentina. Folia Geobot 33:133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02913341 Carter CT, Ungar IA (2004) Relationships between seed germinability of Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae) and the formation of zonal communities in an inland salt marsh. Ann Bot 93:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch018 Chapman VJ (1960) Salt marshes and salt deserts of the world. Leonard Hill Books Limited, London Cooper A (1982) The effects of salinity and waterlogging on the growth and cation uptake of salt marsh plants. New Phytol 90:263–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03258.x Cui BS, He Q, Zhao XS (2008) Ecological thresholds of Suaeda salsa to the environmental gradients of water table depth and soil salinity. Acta Ecol Sin 28:1408–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60050-5 Díaz S, Cabido M (2001) Vive la différence: plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes. Trends Ecol Evol 16:646–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02283-2 Du QY, Li Z, Liu SR, Hy Liu (2007) Dynamics of species diversity and characteristics of halophytic plant communities around saline lakes in arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. Biodivers Sci 15:271–281. https://doi.org/10.1360/biodiv.060214 (in Chinese) Duan WJ, Ren H, Fu SL, Wang J, Zhang JP, Yang L, Huang CL (2010) Community comparison and determinant analysis of understory vegetation in six plantations in South China. Restor Ecol 18:206–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00444.x Eliáš P, Sopotlieva D, Dítě D, Hájková P, Apostolova I, Senko D, Melečková Z, Hájek M (2013) Vegetation diversity of salt-rich grasslands in Southeast Europe. Appl Veg Sci 16:521–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12017 FAO (2008) FAO land and plant nutrition management service. http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/spush. Accessed 20 Nov 2016 García LV, Maranón T, Moreno A, Clemente L (1993) Above-ground biomass and species richness in a Mediterranean salt marsh. J Veg Sci 4:417–424. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235601 Gitay H, Noble IR (1997) What are functional types and how should we seek them. In: Shugart HH, Woodward FI (eds) Plant functional types: their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 3–19 González-Alcaraz MN, Jiménez-Cárceles FJ, Álvarez Y, Álvarez-Rogel J (2014) Gradients of soil salinity and moisture, and plant distribution, in a Mediterranean semiarid saline watershed: a model of soil-plant relationships for contributing to the management. Catena 115:150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.11.011 Greenberg R, Maldonado JE, Droege S, McDonald MV (2006) Tidal marshes: a global perspective on the evolution and conservation of their terrestrial vertebrates. Bioscience 56:675–685. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[675:TMAGPO]2.0.CO;2 Greiner La Peyre MK, Grace JB, Hahn E, Mendelssohn IA (2001) The importiomassance of competition in regulating plant species abundance along a salinity gradient. Ecology 82:62–69. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0062:TIOCIR]2.0.CO;2 Härdtle W, Redecker B, Assmann T, Meyer H (2006) Vegetation responses to environmental conditions in floodplain grasslands: prerequisites for preserving plant species diversity. Basic Appl Ecol 7:280–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2005.09.003 Hegazy AK, Lovett-Doust J, Hammouda O, Gomaa NH (2008) Vegetation distribution along the altitudinal gradient in the northwestern Red Sea region. Community Ecol 8:151–162. https://doi.org/10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.2.2 Hill MO (1979a) DECORANA—a FORTRAN program from detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca Hill MO (1979b) TWINSPAN—a FORTRAN program from arranging multivariate data in an order two-way table by Classification of the individuals and attributes. Cornell University, Ithaca Hoveizeh H (1997) Study of the vegetation cover and ecological characteristics in saline habitats of Hoor-e-Shadegan. J Res Const 34:27–31 Jafari M, Chahouki MAZ, Tavili A, Azarnivand H, Amiri GZ (2004) Effective environmental factors in the distribution of vegetation types in Poshtkouh rangelands of Yazd Province (Iran). J Arid Environ 56:627–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(03)00077-6 James JJ, Tiller RL, Richards JH (2005) Multiple resources limit plant growth and function in a saline-alkaline desert community. J Ecol 93:113–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00948.x Jiang Y, Kang MY, Zhu Y, Xu GC (2007) Plant biodiversity patterns on Helan Mountain, China. Acta Oecol 32:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2006.12.003 Jongman RHG, Ter Braak CJF, van Tongeren OFR (1995) Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Kasera PK, Mohammed S (2010) Ecology of inland saline plants. In: Ramawat KG (ed) Desert Plants. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 299–320 Kirk JL, Klironomos JN, Lee H, Trevors JT (2005) The effects of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa on microbial abundance and diversity in petroleum contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 133:455–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.002 Li WQ, Liu XJ, Khan MA, Yamaguchi S (2005) The effect of plant growth regulators, nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite and light on the germination of dimorphic seeds of Suaeda salsa under saline conditions. J Plant Res 118:207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0212-8 Li WQ, Liu XJ, Khan MA, Gul B (2008) Relationship between soil characteristics and halophytic vegetation in coastal region of North China. Pak J Bot 40:1081–1090 Li XR, Tan HJ, He MZ, Wang XP, Li XJ (2009) Patterns of shrub species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors on the Alxa Plateau: prerequisites for conserving shrub diversity in extreme arid desert regions. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 52:669–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0054-7 Li X, Liu Y, Chen M, Song YP, Song J, Wang BS, Feng G (2012) Relationships between ion and chlorophyll accumulation in seeds and adaptation to saline environments in Suaeda salsa populations. Plant Biosyst 146:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.727880 Liu ZM, Li XL, Yan QL, Wu JG (2007) Species richness and vegetation pattern in interdune lowlands of an active dune field in Inner Mongolia, China. Biol Conserv 140:29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.030 Liu KH, Ding XW, Wang HF, Zhang XM, Hozzein WN, Wadaan MAM, Lan A, Zhang B, Li WJ (2014) Eukaryotic microbial communities in hypersaline soils and sediments from the alkaline hypersaline Huama Lake as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. Anton Leeuw 105:871–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0141-4 Lv SL, Jiang P, Chen XY, Wang XC, Li YX (2012) Multiple compartmentalization of sodium conferred salt tolerance in Salicornia europaea. Plant Physiol Bioch 51:47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.10.015 McGraw DC, Ungar IA (1981) Growth and survival of the halophyte Salicornia Europaera L. under saline field conditions. Ohio J Sci 81:109–113 Minggagud H, Yang J (2013) Wetland plant species diversity in sandy land of a semi-arid inland region of China. Plant Biosyst 147:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.737865 Naz N, Hameed M, Sajid Aqeel Ahmad M, Ashraf M, Arshad M (2010) Is soil salinity one of the major determinants of community structure under arid environments? Community Ecol 11:84–90. https://doi.org/10.1556/ComEc.11.2010.1.12 Neter J, Kutner MH, Nachtsheim CJ, Wasserman W (1996) Applied linear statistical models. Irwin, Chicago Onkware AO (2000) Effect of soil salinity on plant distribution and production at Loburu delta, Lake Bogoria National Reserve, Kenya. Austral Ecol 25:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01020.x Ortiz R, Alvarez Rogel J, Alcaraz F (1995) Soil-vegetation relationships in two coastal salt marshes in southeastern Spain. Arid Soil Res Rehabil 9:481–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324989509385914 Pan DY, Bouchard A, Legendre P, Domon G (1998) Influence of edaphic factors on the spatial structure of inland halophytic communities: a case study in China. J Veg Sci 9:797–804. https://doi.org/10.2307/3237045 Parida AK, Das AB (2005) Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotox Environ Safe 60:324–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010 Piernik A (2003) Inland halophilous vegetation as indicator of soil salinity. Basic Appl Ecol 4:525–536. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00154 Piernik A (2005) Vegetation-environment relations on inland saline habitats in Central Poland. Phytocoenologia 35:19–38. https://doi.org/10.1127/0340-269X/2005/0035-0019 Piernik A (2006) Growth of three meadow species along a salinity gradient in an inland saline habitat: transplant experiment. Pak J Bot 54:117–125 (WOS: 000236073300009) Qiao ZL (2005) The study on microbial ecology and actinomycete resource from saline-alkali soil in Shanxi province. Master’s thesis, Northwest agriculture and and forestry Universitiy (in Chinese) Rand TA (2000) Seed dispersal, habitat suitability and the distribution of halophytes across a salt marsh tidal gradient. J Ecol 88:608–621. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00484.x Roem WJ, Klees H, Berendse F (2002) Effects of nutrient addition and acidification on plant species diversity and seed germination in heathland. J Appl Ecol 39:937–948. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00768.x Rogel JA, Ariza FA, Silla RO (2000) Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain. Wetlands 20:357–372. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212 (2000)020[0357:SSAMGA]2.0.CO;2 Schofield RV, Kirkby MJ (2003) Application of salinization indicators and initial development of potential global soil salinization scenario under climatic change. Global Biogeochem Cy 17:1078. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001935 Sciandrello S, Guglielmo A, Spampinato G (2014) Spatial patterns and floristic composition of plant communities in coastal salt marshes of southeastern Sicily (Italy). Acta Bot Gallica Bot Lett 161:99–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.892026 Shaltout KH, El-Kady HF, Al-Sodany YM (1995) Vegetation analysis of the Mediterranean region of Nile Delta. Vegetatio 116:73–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045280 Sharpe PJ, Baldwin AH (2009) Patterns of wetland plant species richness across estuarine gradients of Chesapeake Bay. Wetlands 29:225–235. https://doi.org/10.1672/08-111.1 Song J, Wang BS (2015) Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture: Suaeda salsa as a promising model. Ann Bot 115:541–553. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu Szabolcs I (1989) Salt-Affected Soils. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton Ter Braak CJF, Smilauer P (2002) CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user’s guide: Software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca Thomas DSG, Middleton NJ (1993) Salinization: new perspectives on a major desertification issue. J Arid Environ 24:95–105. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1008 Ungar IA (1974) Inland halophytes of the United States. In: Reimold RJ, Queen WH (eds) Ecology of halophytes. Academic press INC, New York and London, pp 235–305 Ungar IA, Benner DK, McGraw DC (1979) The distribution and growth of Salicornia europaea on an inland salt pan. Ecology 60:329–336. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937662 Ushakova SA, Kovaleva NP, Gribovskaya IV, Dolgushev VA, Tikhomirova NA (2005) Effect of NaCl concentration on productivity and mineral composition of Salicornia europaea as a potential crop for utilization NaCl in LSS. Adv Space Res 36:1349–1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.017 Wang N (2008) Effects of lope-gully erosion environment on the propaguleand and seedling establishment-a case study in ZHIFANGGOU Ansai on the loess plateau. Master’s thesis, Northwest agriculture and and forestry Universitiy (in Chinese) Wanner A (2009) Management, biodiversity and restoration potential of salt grassland vegetation of the Baltic Sea: Analyses along a complex ecological gradient. PhD thesis, University of Hamburg Wei DD, Cheng D, Liu WB, Liu T, Yang XH, Zheng YH (2015) Adequate potassium application enhances salt tolerance of moderate-halophyte Sophora alopecuroides. Plant Soil Environ 61:364–370. https://doi.org/10.17221/232/2015-PSE Wilkoń-Michalska J (1985) Structure and dynamics of the inland populations of Salicornia patula. In: Beeftink WG, Rozema J, Huiskes AHL (eds) Ecology of coastal vegetation. Springer, Netherlands, pp 145–154 Williams WD (1998) Salinity as a determinant of the structure of biological communities in salt lakes. Hydrobiologia 381:191–201. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003287826503 Xiong SY, Xiong ZX, Wang PW (1996) Soil salinity in the irrigated area of the Yellow River in Ningxia, China. Arid Land Res Manag 10:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324989609381423 Yang F, Wang ZC, Wang YH, An FH, Zhao CW (2013) The correlation between soil water salinity and plant community distribution under micro-topography in Songnen Plain. Acta Ecol Sin 33:6202–6208. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201306051346 (In Chinese) Yu FH, Dong M (1999) Multi-scale distribution pattern of natural ramet population in the rhizomatous herb, Thermopsis lanceolata. Acta Bot Sin 41:1332–1338 Zhang J, Zhao H, Zhang T, Zhao X, Drake S (2005) Community succession along a chronosequence of vegetation restoration on sand dunes in Horqin Sandy Land. J Arid Environ 62:555–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.01.016 Zhang KB, Li R, Yf Liu, Wang BT, Yang XH, Hou RP (2008) Spatial pattern of a plant community in a wetland ecosystem in a semi-arid region in northwestern China. Front For China 3:326–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11461-008-0048-1 Zhao KF, Li FZ (1999) Chinese halophytes. China Science Press, Beijing (In Chinese) Zhao KF, Fan H, Ungar IA (2002) Survey of halophyte species in China. Plant Sci 163:491–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00160-7 Zhao KF, Fan H, Zhou S, Song J (2003) Study on the salt and drought tolerance of Suaeda salsa and Kalanchoe claigremontiana under iso-osmotic salt and water stress. Plant Sci 165:837–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00282-6 Zhao KF, Song J, Feng G, Zhao M, Liu JP (2011) Species, types, distribution, and economic potential of halophytes in China. Plant Soil 342:495–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0470-7 Zhou H, Zhao WZ, Luo WC, Liu B (2015) Species diversity and vegetation distribution in nebkhas of Nitraria tangutorum in the Desert Steppes of China. Ecol Res 30:735–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1277-z