Kiểm soát xói mòn đất và lưu trữ carbon ở vùng đất cao nguyên bị suy thoái do canh tác dịch chuyển phía đông Ấn Độ: hiệu suất của hai hệ thống hàng rào đường đồng mức

Agroforestry Systems - 2016
Partha Pratim Adhikary1, H. C. Hombegowda1, D. Barman2, P. Jakhar1, M. Madhu1
1Research Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Koraput, India
2ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers, Barrackpore, India

Tóm tắt

Hai hệ thống hàng rào đường đồng mức (Gliricidia sepium và Leucaena leucocephala) với và không có rãnh hình chóp mini đã được đánh giá như là các biện pháp bảo tồn tại vùng cao nguyên Đông Ghats bị suy thoái nông nghiệp ở Odisha, Ấn Độ. Việc trồng hàng rào xen kẽ với khoảng cách 0.5 × 0.5 m trong hai hàng song song với các rãnh hình chóp mini (rộng 0.3 m và sâu 0.3 m) nằm giữa hai hàng được bố trí trên các độ dốc 5 và 10 %. Biện pháp Gliricidia + rãnh hình chóp mini (G+MT) đã giảm dòng chảy bề mặt 23.3–32.5 %, mất đất 49.5–52.7 %, mất mát carbon hữu cơ trong đất (SOC), N, P, và K lần lượt là 44.1–47.6%, 61.5–62.2%, 54.8–58.1%, và 53.1–56.3% so với không có biện pháp bảo tồn (đối chứng), trong khi đó biện pháp Leucaena + rãnh hình chóp mini (L+MT) có các mức giảm tương ứng là 18.6–18.9%, 42.4–43.7%, 30.9–40.2%, 41.9–56.3%, 47.3–47.9%, và 38.5–47.8% so với đối chứng. Trong lớp đất từ 0–20 cm, G+MT đã lưu trữ 1.62 Mg ha−1 năm−1 SOC, trong đó 0.93 Mg ha−1 năm−1 được lưu trữ nhờ vào việc cải tạo đất và 0.69 Mg ha−1 năm−1 được giữ lại nhờ vào hiệu ứng rào cản, trong khi L+MT đã lưu trữ 1.21 Mg ha−1 năm−1 SOC. Các biện pháp rãnh với hàng rào Gliricidia và Leucaena hiệu quả hơn 3.8–4.7% và 3.7–5.3% trong việc tích lũy SOC trong 40 cm lớp đất so với các biện pháp không có rãnh. Việc giảm tồn trữ SOC từ 40–102 kg ha−1 năm−1 trong các thửa đất đối chứng từ mức ban đầu cho thấy quá trình xói mòn đang diễn ra ở các vùng đất không được bảo vệ. Các kết quả nghiên cứu sẽ giúp thúc đẩy nông lâm kết hợp dựa trên hàng rào cho việc bảo tồn tài nguyên và cải thiện lưu trữ SOC ở các vùng đất dốc.

Từ khóa

#xói mòn đất #lưu trữ carbon #nông lâm kết hợp #hàng rào đồng mức #bảo vệ đất #Odisha #Ấn Độ

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