Simulation of surface deposits of micron sand particles in the internal cooling duct with a Gaussian probability density model

Fine particles of ash and sand can deposit on the surfaces of cooling ducts, diminishing heat transfer efficiency and threatening the operation of turbine engines. The surface roughness of deposits can alter the nearby flow dynamics, and result in changes of subsequent particle collision and deposition. In this work, the effects of rib turbulence on particle deposition in cooling duct are numerically studied based on the wall modeled shear stress transport k–ω model with a UDF code correction for particle–wall impacts and the discrete particle model. A Gaussian probability density function is adopted to give the topology of deposited particles on the surface impacted by micron particles. We investigate how variables such as particle diameter and temperature impact collision and deposition processes. Additionally, the impact of ribbed turbulence on particle deposition is also discussed. The findings indicate that the impact ratio increases with particle diameter while exhibiting less sensitivity to temperature. Deposition ratios experience a significant decrease when particle size exceeds 1 μm. The temperature of the particles has a noteworthy influence on surface profile of deposits. Specifically, deposits on the wall surface, where particles are introduced by fluid injection, tend to assume a crane-like shape as the temperature rises. Notably, a more uniform deposition pattern is achieved when the particle temperature is low. In terms of particle distribution, low-velocity particles are more likely to accumulate in the windward region of the rib, especially at the junction of the rib wall, where the maximum deposition height is observed. Furthermore, deposits on the rib surface tend to grow, and the gap between the peak and valley widens as the particle temperature increases, as evident from the roughened rib surface features.