Biến động theo mùa trong việc sử dụng quả thịt và phát tán hạt bởi gấu đen Nhật Bản (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)

Ecological Research - Tập 23 - Trang 471-478 - 2007
Kazuaki Takahashi1, Tadatoshi Shiota1, Hiroo Tamatani2, Masaru Koyama2, Izumi Washitani1
1The 21st Century COE Program, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2Department of Bear Management, Picchio Wildlife Research Center, Nagano, Japan

Tóm tắt

Việc sử dụng quả của gấu đen Nhật Bản (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) và tập trung hạt trong phân gấu đã được nghiên cứu tại miền trung Nhật Bản thông qua phân tích phân. Giữa tháng 5 và tháng 11 năm 2003 và 2004, hình thức sinh sống và kích thước quả của các loại cây mà gấu tiêu thụ, cũng như thành phần loài và tình trạng nguyên vẹn của các hạt chứa trong phân đã được kiểm tra ở năm đường transects (khoảng 10 km x 10 m) trong rừng lá rộng rụng. Vào năm 2003, phân có hạt chỉ được tìm thấy vào mùa thu, khi các cây và bụi cây ra trái phong phú. Năm 2004, phân có hạt xuất hiện không liên tục từ mùa hè, khi các loại thực vật ra trái hiếm, cho đến mùa thu. Sự biến động theo năm và theo mùa trong việc sử dụng quả phản ánh hành vi tìm kiếm thức ăn cơ hội của gấu đen Nhật Bản. Bảy trong số chín loài thực vật được phát hiện trong phân có quả cỡ trung bình (6–15 mm), trong khi hai loài còn lại có quả tương đối lớn (20–100 mm). Tổng cộng, 14,492 hạt đã được phát hiện, trong đó 97.6% còn nguyên vẹn; phần còn lại bị hư hại. Các hạt nguyên vẹn của một hoặc hai loài được tìm thấy trong mỗi phân. Số lượng hạt nguyên vẹn mỗi phân dao động từ 1 đến 5476. Gấu đen Nhật Bản hiếm khi tiêu hóa hạt đã nuốt, nhờ đó góp phần vào việc phát tán hạt của các cây thực phẩm của chúng, bao gồm cả những loài có trái quá lớn không thể nuốt bởi các loài chim thích ăn trái.

Từ khóa

#gấu đen Nhật Bản #Ursus thibetanus japonicus #sử dụng quả #phát tán hạt #phân tích phân #biến động theo mùa

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