Seasonal adaptation of thermal and metabolic responses in men wearing different clothing at 10° C
Tóm tắt
Thermoregulatory responses at ambient temperatures of 20 and 10° C in six male subjects wearing two different kinds of clothing were compared between summer and winter. The two different kinds of clothing were one insulating the upper half of the body lightly and the lower half of the body heavily (clothing A, the weight in the upper and lower halves of the body being, respectively, 489 g and 1278 g) and the other insulating the upper half of the body heavily and the lower half of the body lightly (clothing B: 1212 g and 559 g). The major findings are summarized as follow. (i) Rectal temperature was kept significantly higher in clothing B than in clothing A both in summer and winter. (ii) The fall of rectal temperature was significantly greater in summer than in winter in both types of clothing. (iii) Mean skin temperatures and skin temperatures in the face, chest, thigh and leg were significantly lower atT
a of 10° C in summer than in winter in clothing A, while skin temperatures in the face and thigh were also significantly lower atT
a of 10° C in summer than in winter in clothing B. (iv) Metabolic heat production was higher in summer than in winter at 20 and 10° C in both types of clothing. (v) The subjects felt cooler and colder toT
a of 10° C in summer than in winter in both types of clothing. These different responses occurring between summer and winter are discussed mainly in terms of total conductance and dry heat loss.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Benzinger TH (1969) Heat regulation: Homeostasis of central temperature in man. Physiol Rev 49:671–759
Brück K, Baum E, Schwennicke HP (1976) Cold-adaptive modifications in man induced by repeated short-term cold-exposures and during a 10-day-and-night cold-exposure. Eur J Appl Physiol 363:125–133
Davis TRA (1961) Chamber cold acclimatization in man. J Appl Physiol 16:1011–1015
Davis TRA, Johnston DR (1961) Seasonal acclimatization to cold in man. J Appl Physiol 16:231–234
Dubois D, Dubois EF (1916) A formula to estimate the aproximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med 17:863–871
Hardy JD, Dubois EF (1938) Basal metabolism, radiation, convection and vaporization at temperature of 22 to 35° C. J Nutrit 15:461–475
Hong SK, Lee CK, Kim JK, Song SH, Rennie DW (1969) Peripheral blood flow and heat flux of Korean women divers. Fed Proc 28:1143–1148
Iriki M (1981) Thermal receptors. In: Nakayama T (ed) Thermal physiology. Rikogakusha, Tokyo, pp 217–223
Miura T, Morioka M, Kimura K, Akutu A, Hyodo S, Osawa H, Tihara Y, Okazima T (1960) Experimental studies on the optimum temperature of room cooling in summer in relation to the outdoor temperature. Rodo Kagaku (Occupational Sciences) 36:283–336
Natsume K, Tokura H, Isoda N, Maruta N, Kawakami K (1988) Field studies of clothing microclimate temperatures in the human subject spending normal daily life. J Human Ergol 17:13–19
Sasaki T, Carlson LD (1964) Seasonal changes in metabolic response to temperature change. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 117:332–333
Silami-Garcia E, Haymes EM (1989) Effects of repeated short-term cold exposures on cold induced thermogenesis of women. Int J Biometeorol 33:222–226
Yoshimura H (1964) Organ systems in adaptation: the skin. In: Bill DB, Adolph EF, Wilber GG (eds) Adaptation to the environment. American Physiological Society, Washington DC, pp 109–131