Môi trường trường học và sở thích rủi ro: Bằng chứng từ thí nghiệm

Afridi, F., Li, S. X., & Ren, Y. (2011). Social identity and inequality: The impact of China’s Hukou system. Working paper. Almås, I., Cappelen, A. W., Sørensen, E., & Tungodden, B. (2010). Fairness and the development of inequality acceptance. Science, 328(5982), 1176–1178. Anderson, L. R., & Mellor, J. M. (2008). Predicting health behaviors with an experimental measure of risk preference. Journal of Health Economics, 27, 1260–1274. Ball, S. B., Eckel, C. C., & Heracleous, M. (2010). Risk preferences and physical prowess: prediction choice and bias. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 41(3), 167–193. Barsky, R. B., Juster, F. T., Kimball, M. S., & Shapiro, M. D. (1997). Preference parameters and behavioral heterogeneity: an experimental approach in the Health and Retirement Study. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2), 537–579. Bartling, B., Fehr, E., & Schunk, D. (2012). Health effects on children’s willingness to compete. Experimental Economics, 15(1), 58–70. Becker, G. M., DeGroot, M. H., & Marschak, J. (1964). Measuring utility by a single-response sequential method. Behavioral Science, 9(3), 226–232. Binswanger, H. (1980). Attitudes toward risk: experimental measurement in rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62, 395–407. Binswanger, H. (1981). Attitudes toward risk: theoretical implications of an experiment in rural India. The Economic Journal, 91, 867–890. Blum, R. W., Beuhring, T., Shew, M. L., Bearinger, L. H., Sieving, R. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2000). The effects of race/ethnicity, income, and family structure on adolescent risk behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 90(12), 1879–1884. Bonin, H., Dohmen, T., Falk, A., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2007). Cross-sectional earnings risk and occupational sorting: the role of risk attitudes. Labour Economics, 14, 926–937. Boyer, T. W. (2006). The development of risk-taking: a multi-perspective review. Developmental Review, 26, 291–345. Bucciol, A., Houser, D., & Piovesan, M. (2010). Willpower in children and adults: a survey of results and economic implications. International Review of Economics, 57(3), 259–267. Burks, S., Carpenter, J., Goette, L., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Cognitive skills explain economic preferences, strategic behavior and job attachment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 7745–7750. Castillo, M., Ferraro, P., Jordan, J., & Petrie, R. (2008). The today and tomorrow of kids. Working paper. Coller, M., & Williams, M. B. (1999). Eliciting individual discount rates. Experimental Economics, 2, 107–127. Croson, R. T. A., & Gneezy, U. (2009). Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(2), 448–474. Dave, C., Eckel, C. C., Johnson, C. A., & Rojas, C. (2010). Eliciting risk preferences: when is simple better? Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 41(3), 219–243. Deck, C., Lee, J., Reyes, J., & Rosen, C. (2012). Measuring risk aversion on multiple tasks: Can domain specific risk attitudes explain apparently inconsistent behavior? Unpublished manuscript, University of Arkansas. Dohmen, T., Falk, A., Huffman, D., Sunde, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2009). Individual risk attitudes: measurement, determinants and behavioral consequences. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(3), 522–550. Dohmen, T., Falk, A., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2010). Are risk aversion and impatience related to cognitive ability? American Economic Review, 100, 1238–1260. Donohew, L., Zimmerman, R., Cupp, P. S., Novak, S., Colon, S., & Abell, R. (2000). Sensation seeking, impulsive decision-making, and risky sex: implications for risk-taking and design of interventions. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 1079–1091. Eckel, C. C., & Grossman, P. J. (2008). Forecasting risk attitudes: an experimental study using actual and forecast gamble choices. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 68(1), 1–17. Eckel, C., Johnson, C. A., & Montmarquette, C. (2005). Saving decisions of the working poor: Short- and long-term horizons. In J. Carpenter, G. W. Harrison, & J. A. List (Eds.), Research in experimental economics, Volume 10: Field experiments in economics (pp. 219–260). Greenwich: JAI Press. Eckel, C., Grossman, P. J., Johnson, C. A., de Oliveira, A. C. M., Rojas, C., & Wilson, R. (2010). (Im)patience among adolescents: A methodological note. Working paper. Eckel, C., Grossman, P. J., Johnson, C. A., de Oliveira, A. C. M., Rojas, C., & Wilson, R. (2011). Social norms of sharing in high school: teen giving in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 80(3), 603–612. Fehr, E., Rützler, D., & Sutter, M. (2011). The development of altruism, spite and parochialism in childhood and adolescence. IZA Discussion Paper No. 5530. Fischhoff, B., Parker, A. M., Bruine de Bruin, W., Downs, J., Palmgren, C., Dawes, R., & Manski, C. F. (2000). Teen expectations for significant life events. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(2), 189–205. Gollier, C., & Pratt, J. W. (1996). Risk vulnerability and the tempering effect of background risk. Econometrica, 65(4), 1109–1123. Grossman, P. J., & Lugovskyy, O. (2011). An experimental test of the strength of gender stereotypes. Economic Inquiry, 49, 598–611. Gruber, J. (Ed.) (2001). Risky Behavior Among Youths: An Economic Analysis. NBER Conference Report. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Guiso, L., & Paiella, M. (2008). Risk aversion, wealth, and background risk. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(6), 1109–1150. Häger, K., Oud, B., & Schunk, D. (2011). Egalitarian envy: Cross-cultural variation in the development of envy in children. Working paper. Harbaugh, W. T., & Krause, K. (2000). Children’s altruism in public good and dictator experiments. Economic Inquiry, 38(1), 95–109. Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., & Berry, T. R. (2001). GARP for kids: on the development of rational choice behavior. American Economic Review, 91(5), 1539–1545. Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., & Vesterlund, L. (2001). Are adults better behaved than children? Age, experience, and the endowment effect. Economics Letters, 70(2), 175–181. Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., & Vesterlund, L. (2002). Risk attitudes of children and adults: choices over small and large probability gains and losses. Experimental Economics, 5, 53–84. Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., Liday Jr., S. G., & Vesterlund, L. (2003). Trust in children. In E. Ostrom & J. Walker (Eds.), Trust and reciprocity: Interdisciplinary lessons from experimental research. New York: Russell Sage. Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., & Vesterlund, L. (2007). Learning to bargain. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 127–142. Hill, E. M., Ross, L. T., & Low, B. S. (1997). The role of future unpredictability in human risk-taking. Human Nature, 8(4), 287–325. Holt, C. A., & Laury, S. K. (2002). Risk aversion and incentive effects. American Economic Review, 92, 1644–1655. Houser, D., & Schunk, D. (2009). Social environments with competitive pressure: gender effects in the decisions of German schoolchildren. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(4), 634–641. Jessor, R. (1991). Risk behavior in adolescence: a psychosocial framework for understanding and action. Journal of Adolescent Health, 12, 597–605. Jones, J. M. (1994). An exploration of temporality in human behavior. In: R. C. Schank & L. Ellen (Eds.), Beliefs, reasoning and decision making: Psycho-logic in honor of Bob Abelson (pp. 389–411). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. Kaplow, L. (2005). The value of a statistical life and the coefficient of relative risk aversion. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 31(1), 23–34. Lee, J. (2008). The effect of the background risk in a simple chance improving decision model. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 36, 19–41. Levin, I. P., & Hart, S. S. (2003). Risk preferences in young children: early evidence of individual differences in reaction to potential gains and losses. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16, 397–413. Levin, I. P., Hart, S. S., Weller, J. A., & Harshman, L. A. (2007). Stability of choices in a risky decision-making task: a 3-year longitudinal study with children and adults. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20, 241–252. Li, J. (2011). The demand for a risky asset in the presence of background risk. Journal of Economic Theory, 146, 372–391. Males, M. (2009). Does the adolescent brain make risk taking inevitable. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24, 3–20. Martinsson, P., Nordblom, K., Rützler, D., & Sutter, M. (2011). Social preferences during childhood and the role of gender and age – an experiment in Austria and Sweden. Economics Letters, 110, 248–251. Mendoza, N. A., & Pracejus, J. W. (1997). Buy now, pay later: does a future temporal orientation affect credit overuse? Advances in Consumer Research, 24, 499–503. Nguyen, Q. (2011). Does nurture matter: theory and experimental investigation on the effect of working environment on risk and time preferences. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 43, 245–270. O’Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2002). Risky behavior among youths: Some issues from behavioral economics. In: J. Gruber (Ed.), Risky behavior among youths: An economics analysis. NBER Conference Report, 29–67. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Quiggin, J. (2003). Background risk in generalized expected utility theory. Economic Theory, 22, 607–611. Robbins, R. N., & Bryan, A. (2004). Relationships between future orientation, impulsive sensation seeking, and risk behavior among adjudicated adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 428–445. Slovic, P. (1966). Risk-taking in children: age and sex differences. Child Development, 37, 169–176. Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1992). Impulsivity and the multi-impulsive personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 831–834. Stanford, M. S., Greve, K. W., Boudreaux, J. K., Mathias, C. W., & Brumbelow, J. L. (1996). Impulsiveness and risk-taking behavior: comparison of high-school and college students using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 1073–1075. Statistics Canada & OECD. (2005). Learning a living: First results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills survey. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-603-XIE/2005001/pdf.htm Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. (2007). Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 59, 364–382. Sutter, M., & Rützler, D. (2010). Gender differences in competition emerge early in life. Working Papers 2010–14, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck. Sutter, M., Kocher, M. G., Rützler, D., & Trautmann, S. T. (2010). Impatience and uncertainty: Experimental decisions predict adolescents’ field behavior. Discussion Papers in Economics 12114, University of Munich, Department of Economics. Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk taking in adolescence: new perspectives from brain and behavioral science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 55–59. Weber, E. U., Blais, A. R., & Betz, N. E. (2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(4), 263–290. White, R. T. (2002). Reconceptualizing HIV infection among poor black adolescent females: an urban poverty paradigm. Health Promotion Practice, 3, 302–312.