Scaling the fractal plain: towards a general view of knowledge management

Emerald - Tập 35 Số 8 - Trang 779-807 - 2011
DavidGriffiths1, PeterEvans1
1University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Tóm tắt

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore coherence across key disciplines of knowledge management (KM) for a general model as a way to address performance dissatisfaction in the field.Design/methodology/approachResearch employed an evidence‐based meta‐analysis (287 aspects of literature), triangulated through an exploratory survey (91 global respondents), to gather data on the drivers for KM. The paper attempts to demonstrate self‐similarity across six key KM disciplines using fractal theory as a data analysis tool.FindingsAppear to demonstrate self‐affinity between key disciplines in the field of KM. This provides a strong signpost for future research in the field when attempting to address practitioner dissatisfaction in performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper cannot determine importance, or value of the factors discussed. The meta‐analysis allows us to determine the existence of the identified functions and enablers. Limited representation of literature from outside the Northern Hemisphere will not allow for an assertion as to validity outside of this area. Findings could not determine whether factors were stable through time. While outliers in the data provide signposts for further research, it could be attributed to situated variance.Practical implicationsThis paper could influence future research and practice through support for the development of general models for the field. It signposts affinity between disciplines, which could direct theorists and practitioners to explore solutions outside of their situated discipline through a shared understanding.Originality/valueThe fractal theory data analysis approach appears to be unusual if not unique in the field of KM. The evidence‐based meta‐analysis provides depth and rigour with the results triangulated against an exploratory survey, which offers a richness of findings that speaks directly to the needs of the field.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abbott, A. (2000), “Tourists in an unknown town: remapping the social sciences”, University of Chicago Magazine, Vol. 93 2, December, available at: http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0012/research/invest‐tourist.html (accessed 12 August 2009).

Abbott, A. (2001), The Chaos of Disciplines, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (1999), “Knowledge management systems: issues, challenges and benefits”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 1 No. 7, pp. 4‐20.

Antonacopoulou, E.P. (2006), “Modes of knowing in practice: the relationship between learning and knowledge revisited”, in Renzl, B., Matzler, K. and Hinterhuber, H. (Eds), The Future of Knowledge Management, Palgrave, London.

Azmi, M. and Zairi, M. (2005), Knowledge Management: A Proposed Taxonomy, Bradford University, Bradford, Bradford University working paper series, 05/31, available at: www.brad.ac.uk/acad/management/external/pdf/workingpapers/2005/Booklet_05‐31.pdf (accessed 12 November 2008).

Bearse, P. (1999), “The fractal revolution”, The Ethical Spectacle, September, available at: www.spectacle.org (accessed 12 August 2009).

Bhalla, A. and Lampel, J. (2007), “Let's get natural: the discourse of community and the problem of transferring practices to knowledge management”, Management Decision Journal, Vol. 45 No. 7, pp. 1069‐82.

Bhatt, G.D. (2000), “Information dynamics, learning and knowledge creation in organizations”, The Learning Organization Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 89‐98.

Bournemann, M. et al. (2003), “An illustrated guide to knowledge management”, Wissensmanagement Forum, Graz, available at: www.wm‐forum.org (accessed 18 December 2008).

British Standards Institution (2001), Knowledge Management: a Guide to Good Practice, PAS 2001, British Standards Institution, London.

British Standards Institution (2003), Guide to Measurement in Knowledge Management, PD7502, British Standards Institution, London.

Chowdhury, N. and Ahmed, M. (2005), Critical Success Factors Affecting Knowledge Management Implementation in Oil and Gas Companies: A Comparative Study of Four Corporations, available at: www.kmtalk.net/Paper_Oil_KM_Naguib.doc (accessed 18 November 2008).

Chun, M., Sohn, K., Arling, P. and Granados, N.F. (2008), “Systems theory and knowledge management systems: the case of Pratt‐Whitney Rocketdyne”, Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, pp. 1‐10.

Cross, B. (2004), “The fractal imagination: new resources for conceptualising creativity”, The Complexity Society, available at: www.complexity‐society.com/journal.html (accessed 1 August 2009).

Dimitrov, V. and Fell, L. (2007), Autopoiesis in Organisations, available at: www.zulenet.com/VladimirDimitrov/pages/autoorg.html (accessed 8 September 2008).

Edward, T. and Rees, C. (2006), International Human Resource Management: Globalization, National Systems and Multinational Companies, Pearson Education Limited, London.

European Committee For Standardisation (2004), European Guide to Good Practice in Knowledge Management – Part 1: Knowledge Management Framework, European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, ICS 03,100.99.

Evans, G.M. (1970), “Leadership and motivation: a core concept”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 91‐102.

Garavan, T.N., Gunnigle, P. and Moley, M. (2000), “Contemporary HRD research: a triarchy of theoretical perspectives and their prescriptions for HRD”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 Nos 2/3/4, pp. 65‐93.

Greenwood, D.J. and Levin, M. (2005), “Reform of the social sciences and of universities through action research”, in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 3rd ed., Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 33‐64.

Griffiths, D.A. and Koukpaki, S. (2010), “Are we stuck with knowledge management: a case for strategic human resource development”, Journal of Knowledge Systems Science, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 41‐60.

Griffiths, D.A., Koukpaki, S. and Martin, B.M. (2010), “The knowledge core: a new model to challenge the KM field”, International Journal of Knowledge System Science, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 1‐14.

Heisig, P. (2009), “Harmonisation of knowledge management – comparing 160 KM frameworks around the globe”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 4‐31.

Holsapple, C.W. and Joshi, K.D. (2004), “A formal knowledge management ontology: conduct, activities, resources, and influences”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 55 No. 7, pp. 593‐612.

Hori, K., Kakakaji, K., Yamamoto, Y. and Ostwald, J. (2004), “Organic perspectives of knowledge management: knowledge evolution through a cycle of knowledge liquidisation and crystallisation”, Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 252‐61.

Hoverstadt, P. (2008), The Fractal Organisation, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.

Isaac, R.G., Zerbe, W.J. and Pitt, D.C. (2001), “Leadership and motivation: the effective application of expectancy theory”, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 13, pp. 212‐28.

Jennex, M.E. and Olfman, L. (2004), “Assessing knowledge management success/effectiveness models”, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1265571 (accessed 18 February 2008).

Jennex, M.E. and Zakharova, I. (2005), “Knowledge management critical success factors”, Management.com.ua, available at: www.management.com.ua/strategy/str110.html (accessed 12 October 2008).

Kunda, Z. (1992), “Can dissonance theory do it all?”, Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 337‐9.

Levick, D. and Woog, R. (2000), “From systems boundaries to fractality: broadening the practitioner's paradigm”, Proceedings of the ICSTM2000: International Conference on Systems Thinking in Management, pp. 341‐6.

Limone, A. and Bastias, L.E. (2006), “Autopoiesis and knowledge in the organization: conceptual foundation for authentic knowledge management”, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 39‐49.

Mandelbrot, B.B. (2002), Gaussian Self‐affinity and Fractals, Donnelly and Sons, Harrisonburg, VA.

Mekhilef, M. and Flock, C. (2006), “Management: a multidisciplinary survey”, in Cunningham, P. and Cunningham, M. (Eds), Exploiting the Knowledge Economy: Issues, Applications, Case Studies, IOS Press, Amsterdam.

Metaxiotis, K., Engazakis, K. and Psarras, J. (2005), “Exploring the world of knowledge management: agreements and disagreements in the academic/practitioner community”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 6‐18.

Polanyi, M. (1969), “Knowing and being”, in Grene, M. (Ed.), Essays by Michael Polanyi, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Qureshi, S., Briggs, R.O. and Hlupic, V. (2006), “Value creation from intellectual capital: convergence of knowledge management and collaboration in the intellectual bandwidth model”, Group Decision and Negotiation, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 197‐220.

Radford, M. (2008), “Prediction, control and the challenge to complexity”, Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 505‐20.

Rigby, D. and Bilodeau, B. (2007), “Management tools and trends 2007”, A Survey from Bain and Company, available at: www.bain.com/management_tools/Management_Tools_and_Trends_2007.pdf (accessed 17 June 2008).

Rigby, D. and Bilodeau, B. (2009), “Management tools and trends 2009”, A Survey from Bain and Company, available at: www.bain.com (accessed 8 October).

Rubenstein‐Montano, B., Liebowitz, J., Buchwalter, J., McCaw, D., Newman, B., Rebeck, K. and The Knowledge Management Methodology Team (2001), “A systems thinking framework for knowledge management”, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 31, pp. 5‐16.

Santos, J.R.A. (1997), “Cronbach's Alpha: a tool for assessing the reliability of scales”, Journal of Extension, Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 1‐5.

Sarah, R. and Haslett, T. (2003), Learning is a Process Which Changes the State of Knowledge of an Individual or Organisation, Monash University working paper, 72/03, December, 1‐14, available at: www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mgt/research/working‐papers/2003/wp72‐03.pdf (accessed 16 February 2008).

Snowden, D. (2010), “Judgement and resilience in the context of knowledge management”, KM Asia, Singapore, November 23 Presentation.

Standards Australia (2001), Knowledge Management: a Framework for Succeeding in the Knowledge Era, Standards Australia, Sydney, HB 275‐2001.

Supyuenyong, V. and Islam, M. (2006), “Knowledge management architecture: building blocks and their relationships”, IEEE PICMT 2006 Technology Management for the Global Future, pp. 1210‐9.

Taleb, N.N. (2007), The Black Swan, Penguin Books, London.

Thietart, R.A. and Forgues, B. (1995), “Chaos theory and organization”, Organization Science, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 19‐31.

Tranfield, D., Denyer, D. and Smart, P. (2003), “Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge by means of systematic review”, British Journal of Management, Vol. 14, pp. 207‐22.

Yang, B., Zheng, W. and Viere, C. (2009), “Holistic views of knowledge management models”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 273‐89.

Griffiths, D.A. and Morse, S.M. (2009), “Knowledge management: towards overcoming dissatisfaction in the field”, World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, Vol. 54, June 9, pp. 724‐35.

Mintzberg, H. (2000), The Rise and Fall Of Strategic Planning, Pearson Education Limited, London.