Scale and the isotopic record of C4 plants in pedogenic carbonate: from the biome to the rhizosphere

Ecology - Tập 90 Số 6 - Trang 1498-1511 - 2009
H. Curtis Monger1, David R. Cole, Brenda J. Buck, Robert A Gallegos
1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8003, USA. [email protected]

Tóm tắt

The 13C/12C ratio in pedogenic carbonate (i.e., CaCO3 formed in soil) is a significant tool for investigating C4 biomes of the past. However, the paleoecological meaning of δ13C values in pedogenic carbonate can change with the scale at which one considers the data. We describe studies of modern soils, fossil soils, and vegetation change in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America and elsewhere that reveal four scales important for paleoecologic interpretations. (1) At the broadest scale, the biome scale (hundreds to millions of km2), an isotopic record interpreted as C3 vegetation replacing C4 grasslands may indicate invading C3 woody shrubs instead of expanding C3 forests (a common interpretation). (2) At the landscape scale (several tens of m2 to hundreds of km2), the accuracy of scaling up paleoclimatic interpretations to a regional level is affected by the landform containing the isotopic record. (3) At the soil‐profile scale (cm2 to m2), soil profiles with multiple generations of carbonate mixed together have a lower‐resolution paleoecologic record than soil profiles repeatedly buried. (4) At the rhizosphere scale (μm2 to cm2), carbonate formed on roots lack the 14–17‰ enrichment observed at broader scales, revealing different fractionation processes at different scales. A multi‐scale approach in dealing with δ13C in pedogenic carbonate will increase the accuracy of paleoecologic interpretations and understanding of soil–geomorphic–climatic interactions that affect boundaries between C4 and C3 vegetation.

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Ecology

Tập 90 Số 6

1498-1511

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