Safety and fate of nanomaterials in food: The role of in vitro tests

Abdelkhaliq, 2020, Impact of in vitro digestion on gastrointestinal fate and uptake of silver nanoparticles with different surface modifications, Nanotoxicology, 14, 111, 10.1080/17435390.2019.1675794 Antunes, 2012, Models to predict intestinal absorption of therapeutic peptides and proteins, Current Drug Metabolism, 14, 4, 10.2174/1389200211309010004 Antunović, 2011, Guidance on the risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain, EFSA Journal, 9, 2140, 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2140 Araújo, 2016, In vitro M-like cells genesis through a tissue-engineered triple-culture intestinal model, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 104, 782, 10.1002/jbm.b.33508 Arbab, 2005, A model of lysosomal metabolism of dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles: Implications for cellular magnetic resonance imaging, NMR in Biomedicine, 10.1002/nbm.970 Ashammakhi, 2020, Microphysiological systems: Next generation systems for assessing toxicity and therapeutic effects of nanomaterials, Small Methods, 4, 1900589, 10.1002/smtd.201900589 Ashammakhi, 2020 Azhdarzadeh, 2015, Nanotoxicology: Advances and pitfalls in research methodology, Nanomedicine, 10.2217/nnm.15.130 Babick, 2016, How reliably can a material be classified as a nanomaterial? Available particle-sizing techniques at work, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 18, 1, 10.1007/s11051-016-3461-7 Barroso, 2015, The computer-controlled multicompartmental dynamic model of the gastrointestinal system SIMGI, 319 Beaurivage, 2019, Development of a gut-on-a-chip model for high throughput disease modeling and drug discovery, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20, 5661, 10.3390/ijms20225661 Bein, 2018, Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human intestine, Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5, 659, 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.12.010 Bohn, 2018, Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion. What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models?, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 58, 2239, 10.1080/10408398.2017.1315362 Bourbon, 2018, Food hydrocolloids in vitro digestion of lactoferrin-glycomacropeptide nanohydrogels incorporating bioactive compounds : E ff ect of a chitosan coating, Food Hydrocolloids, 84, 267, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.015 Brand, 2000, A novel system to study the impact of epithelial barriers on cellular metabolism, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 28, 1210, 10.1114/1.1318926 Brodkorb, 2019, INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion, Nature Protocols, 14, 991, 10.1038/s41596-018-0119-1 Brüning, 2017 Buckley, 2019, Ultra-processed food consumption and exposure to phthalates and bisphenols in the US national health and nutrition examination survey, 2013–2014, Environment International, 131, 105057, 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105057 Cabedo, 2018, Inorganic-based nanostructures and their use in food packaging, 13 de la Calle, 2017, Screening of TiO2 and Au nanoparticles in cosmetics and determination of elemental impurities by multiple techniques (DLS, SP-ICP-MS, ICP-MS and ICP-OES), Talanta, 171, 291, 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.002 de la Calle, 2018, Study of the presence of micro- and nanoparticles in drinks and foods by multiple analytical techniques, Food Chemistry, 266, 133, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.107 Cao, 2019, Impact of protein-nanoparticle interactions on gastrointestinal fate of ingested nanoparticles: Not just simple protein corona effects, NanoImpact, 13, 37, 10.1016/j.impact.2018.12.002 Chen, 2013, Characterization and preliminary toxicity assay of nano-titanium dioxide additive in sugar-coated chewing gum, Small, 9, 1765, 10.1002/smll.201201506 Cheng, 2019, Fate of lutein-containing zein nanoparticles following simulated gastric and intestinal digestion, Food Hydrocolloids, 87, 229, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.013 Chen, 2018, A pumpless body-on-a-chip model using a primary culture of human intestinal cells and a 3D culture of liver cells, Lab on a Chip, 18, 2036, 10.1039/C8LC00111A Chen, 2014, Genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, Toxicology Letters, 226, 314, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.020 Comission, 2011, Commission recommendation of 18 October 2011 on the definition of nanomaterial (2011/696/EU), Official Journal of the European Union Cueva, 2019, Gastrointestinal digestion of food-use silver nanoparticles in the dynamic SIMulator of the GastroIntestinal tract (simgi ®). Impact on human gut microbiota, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 132, 110657, 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110657 Dawson, 2016, A microfluidic chip based model for the study of full thickness human intestinal tissue using dual flow, Biomicrofluidics, 10, 10.1063/1.4964813 De Lima, 2010, Evaluation of the genotoxicity of chitosan nanoparticles for use in food packaging films, Journal of Food Science, 75, N89, 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01682.x Deloid, 2017, Preparation, characterization, and in vitro dosimetry of dispersed, engineered nanomaterials, Nature Protocols, 12, 355, 10.1038/nprot.2016.172 DeLoid, 2017, An integrated methodology for assessing the impact of food matrix and gastrointestinal effects on the biokinetics and cellular toxicity of ingested engineered nanomaterials, Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 14, 1, 10.1186/s12989-017-0221-5 Doak, 2012, In vitro genotoxicity testing strategy for nanomaterials and the adaptation of current OECD guidelines, Mutation Research: Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.09.013 Dupont, 2019, Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59, 1546, 10.1080/10408398.2017.1421900 Enescu, 2019 Esch, 2014, Body-on-a-chip simulation with gastrointestinal tract and liver tissues suggests that ingested nanoparticles have the potential to cause liver injury, Lab on a Chip, 14, 3081, 10.1039/C4LC00371C Fortunati, 2018, Bio-based nanocomposites in food packaging, 71 Franz, 2018, Mathematic modelling of migration of nanoparticles from food contact polymers, 390 Fröhlich, 2016 Fu, 2019, Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review, Nano Materials Science, 1, 2, 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.006 Georgantzopoulou, 2016, Effects of silver nanoparticles and ions on a co-culture model for the gastrointestinal epithelium, Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 13, 10.1186/s12989-016-0117-9 Groh, 2017 Gutiérrez, 2015, Degradation of magnetic nanoparticles mimicking lysosomal conditions followed by AC susceptibility, Biomedizinische Technik, 10.1515/bmt-2015-0043 de Haan, 2019, Digestion-on-a-chip: A continuous-flow modular microsystem recreating enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, Lab on a Chip, 19, 1599, 10.1039/C8LC01080C Hardy, 2018, Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health, EFSA Journal, 16 Heiligtag, 2013 Herland, 2020, Quantitative prediction of human pharmacokinetic responses to drugs via fluidically coupled vascularized organ chips, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 4, 421, 10.1038/s41551-019-0498-9 Hidalgo, 1989, Characterization of the human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) as a model system for intestinal epithelial permeability, Gastroenterology, 96, 736, 10.1016/S0016-5085(89)80072-1 Jalili-Firoozinezhad, 2018, Complex human gut microbiome cultured in anaerobic human intestine chips, BioRxiv, 421404 Jalili-Firoozinezhad, 2018, Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip, Cell Death & Disease, 9, 223, 10.1038/s41419-018-0304-8 Kämpfer, 2020, Ongoing inflammation enhances the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials : Application of an in vitro co-culture model of the healthy and inflamed intestine, Toxicology in Vitro, 63 Kasendra, 2018, Development of a primary human Small Intestine-on-a-Chip using biopsy-derived organoids, Scientific Reports, 8, 2871, 10.1038/s41598-018-21201-7 Kästner, 2017, Monitoring the fate of small silver nanoparticles during artificial digestion, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 526, 76, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.013 Kim, 2012, Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow, Lab on a Chip, 12, 2165, 10.1039/c2lc40074j Kim, 2016, Co-culture of living microbiome with microengineered human intestinal villi in a gut-on-a-chip microfluidic device, Journal of Visualized Experiments: Journal of Visualized Experiments, 114 Kim, 2016, Contributions of microbiome and mechanical deformation to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation in a human gut-on-a-chip, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113, E7, 10.1073/pnas.1522193112 Koch, 2013, Variability of bioaccessibility results using seventeen different methods on a standard reference material, NIST 2710 Laloux, 2020, The food matrix and the gastrointestinal fluids alter the features of silver nanoparticles, Small, 1 Lea, 2015, Caco-2 cell line, 103 Lee, 2020, Nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic application for modulation of lysosomal ion channels and functions, Pharmaceutics Li, 2017, Mucus interactions with liposomes encapsulating bioactives: Interfacial tensiometry and cellular uptake on Caco-2 and cocultures of Caco-2/HT29-MTX, Food Research International, 92, 128, 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.010 Li, 2020, Bioavailability and cytotoxicity of Cerium- (IV), Copper- (II), and Zinc oxide nanoparticles to human intestinal and liver cells through food, The Science of the Total Environment, 702, 134700, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134700 Liu, 2020, Investigation of absorption, metabolism and toxicity of ginsenosides compound K based on human organ chips, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 587, 119669, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119669 Liu, 2019, Is “nano safe to eat or not”? A review of the state-of-the art in soft engineered nanoparticle (sENP) formulation and delivery in foods, Vol. 88, 299 Lozoya-Agullo, 2017, Usefulness of Caco-2/HT29-MTX and Caco-2/HT29-MTX/Raji B coculture models to predict intestinal and colonic permeability compared to Caco-2 monoculture, Molecular Pharmaceutics, 14, 1264, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01165 Lucas-gonzález, 2018 Madalena, 2016, Vol. 58, 89 Mahaye Mahler, 2009, Characterization of a gastrointestinal tract microscale cell culture analog used to predict drug toxicity, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 104, 193, 10.1002/bit.22366 Martin, 2018, The brain-gut-microbiome Axis, Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6, 133, 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.003 Maschmeyer, 2015, A four-organ-chip for interconnected long-term co-culture of human intestine, liver, skin and kidney equivalents, Lab on a Chip, 15, 2688, 10.1039/C5LC00392J McAuliffe, 2008, Development of a gastrointestinal tract microscale cell culture analog to predict drug transport, Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics: MCB, 5, 119 McClements, 2017, Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles, Npj Science of Food, 1, 10.1038/s41538-017-0005-1 Minekus, 2014, A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food - an international consensus, Food & Function, 5, 1113, 10.1039/C3FO60702J Minekus, 1995 Miyayama, 2018, Silver nanoparticles induce lysosomal-autophagic defects and decreased expression of transcription factor EB in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, Toxicology in Vitro, 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.009 Molly, 1993, Development of a 5-step multi-chamber reactor as a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39, 254, 10.1007/BF00228615 Mortensen, 2020, Investigation of twenty metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide nanoparticles' impact on differentiated Caco-2 monolayer integrity, NanoImpact, 17, 100212, 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100212 Mulet-Cabero, 2020, A standardised semi-dynamic: In vitro digestion method suitable for food-an international consensus, Food and Function, 10.1039/C9FO01293A Nalwa, 2009 Nikolaev, 2020, Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis, Nature, 585, 574, 10.1038/s41586-020-2724-8 Norbury, 2004, DNA damage-induced apoptosis, Oncogene, 10.1038/sj.onc.1207532 Pereira, 2015, Dissecting stromal-epithelial interactions in a 3D in vitro cellularized intestinal model for permeability studies, Biomaterials, 56, 36, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.054 Peters, 2019, Chapter 9: Migration of nanomaterials from food contact materials, 2019-January, 226 Peters, 2014, Characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food products: Analytical methods to define nanoparticles, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 6285, 10.1021/jf5011885 Pinheiro, 2016, In vitro behaviour of curcumin nanoemulsions stabilized by biopolymer emulsifiers - effect of interfacial composition, Food Hydrocolloids, 52, 460, 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.025 Prantil-Baun, 2018, Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis enabled by microfluidically linked organs-on-chips, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 58, 37, 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104748 Raftis, 2019, Nanoparticle translocation and multi-organ toxicity: A particularly small problem, Nano Today, 26, 8, 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.03.010 Ramadan, 2013, NutriChip: Nutrition analysis meets microfluidics, Lab on a Chip, 13, 196, 10.1039/C2LC40845G Rathore, 2019 Rodriguez-Garraus, 2020 Rogers, 2016, Naturally occurring nanoparticles in food, Current Opinion in Food Science, 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.08.005 Ronaldson-Bouchard, 2018, Organs-on-a-Chip: A fast track for engineered human tissues in drug development, Cell Stem Cell, 22, 310, 10.1016/j.stem.2018.02.011 Round, 2009, The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease, Nature Reviews Immunology, 9, 313, 10.1038/nri2515 Sabliov, 2015 Sarmento, 2012, Cell-based in vitro models for predicting drug permeability, Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 8, 607, 10.1517/17425255.2012.673586 2010 Schütz, 2016, Lysosomal dysfunction caused by cellular accumulation of silica nanoparticles, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 10.1074/jbc.M115.710947 Sender, 2016, Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body, PLoS Biology, 14, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 Shah, 2016, A microfluidics-based in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface, Nature Communications, 7, 11535, 10.1038/ncomms11535 Sharma, 2012, Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative DNA damage and ROS-triggered mitochondria mediated apoptosis in human liver cells (HepG2), Apoptosis, 10.1007/s10495-012-0705-6 Silva, 2013, Unravelling the behaviour of curcumin nanoemulsions during in vitro digestion : Effect of the surface charge, Soft Matter, 3147 Silva, 2018, Evaluating the behaviour of curcumin nanoemulsions and multilayer nanoemulsions during dynamic in vitro digestion, Journal of Functional Foods, 48, 605, 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.002 Simões, 2020, β-lactoglobulin micro- and nanostructures as bioactive compounds vehicle: In vitro studies, Food Research International, 131, 108979, 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108979 Singh, 2014, Measurement methods to detect, characterize, and quantify engineered nanomaterials in foods, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13, 693, 10.1111/1541-4337.12078 Sohal, 2020, Effects of ingested food-grade titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, iron (III) oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on an in vitro model of intestinal epithelium: Comparison between monoculture vs. a mucus-secreting coculture model, NanoImpact, 17, 100209, 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100209 Steinway, 2020, Human microphysiological models of intestinal tissue and gut microbiome, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00725 Störmer, 2017 Szakal, 2014, Measurement of nanomaterials in foods: Integrative consideration of challenges and future prospects, ACS Nano. American Chemical Society, 10.1021/nn501108g Trapecar, 2020, Gut-liver physiomimetics reveal paradoxical modulation of IBD-related inflammation by short-chain fatty acids, Cell Systems, 10, 223, 10.1016/j.cels.2020.02.008 Trietsch, 2017, Membrane-free culture and real-time barrier integrity assessment of perfused intestinal epithelium tubes, Nature Communications, 8, 262, 10.1038/s41467-017-00259-3 Utembe, 2015 Visentini, 2020, In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and cytotoxic effect of ovalbumin-conjugated linoleic acid nanocomplexes, Food Research International, 137, 109381, 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109381 Wohlleben, 2017, Reliable nanomaterial classification of powders using the volume-specific surface area method, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 16 Wooster, 2017, Biological fate of food nanoemulsions and the nutrients they carry-internalisation, transport and cytotoxicity of edible nanoemulsions in Caco-2 intestinal cells, RSC Advances, 7, 40053, 10.1039/C7RA07804H Wu, 2019, Endosomal/lysosomal location of organically modified silica nanoparticles following caveolae-mediated endocytosis, RSC Advances Yada, 2014, Engineered nanoscale food ingredients: Evaluation of current knowledge on material characteristics relevant to uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13, 730, 10.1111/1541-4337.12076 Yang, 2012, Genotoxicity of nanoparticles Yang, 2019, Microfluidic-based platform for the evaluation of nanomaterial-mediated drug delivery: From high-throughput screening to dynamic monitoring, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25, 2953, 10.2174/1381612825666190730100051 Yao, 2020, Design of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to enhance intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic food bioactives: Influence of oil type, Food Chemistry, 317, 126229, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126229 Yu, 2013, Investigation of the cytotoxicity of food-grade nanoemulsions in Caco-2 cell monolayers and HepG2 cells, Food Chemistry, 141, 29, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.009 Zhang, 2018