Role of proteolysis in polyglutamine disorders

Journal of Neuroscience Research - Tập 74 Số 3 - Trang 406-416 - 2003
Volga Tarlac1, Elsdon Storey1,2
1Department of Medicine (Neuroscience), Monash University, (Alfred Hospital Campus), Melbourne, Australia
2Department of Neuroscience, 4th Floor, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004

Tóm tắt

AbstractTo date, nine polyglutamine disorders have been characterised, including Huntington's disease (HD), spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17 (SCAs). Although knockout and transgenic mouse experiments suggest that a toxic gain of function is central to neuronal death in these diseases (with the probable exception of SCA6), the exact mechanisms of neurotoxicity remain contentious. A further conundrum is the characteristic distribution of neuronal damage in each disease, despite ubiquitous expression of the abnormal proteins. One mechanism that could possibly underlie the specific distribution of neuronal toxicity is proteolytic cleavage of the full‐length expanded polyglutamine tract‐containing proteins. There is evidence found in vitro or in vivo (or both) of proteolytic cleavage in HD, SBMA, DRPLA, and SCAs 2, 3, and 7. In HD, cleavage has been demonstrated to be regionally specific, occurring as a result of caspase activation. These diseases are also characterised by development of intraneuronal aggregates of the abnormal protein that co‐localise with components of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. It remains unclear whether these aggregates are pathogenic or merely disease markers; however, at least in the case of ataxin‐3, cleavage promotes aggregation. Inhibition of specific proteases constitutes a potential therapeutic approach in these diseases. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Journal of Neuroscience Research

Tập 74 Số 3

406-416

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