Role of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Journal of Pathology - Tập 202 Số 2 - Trang 145-156 - 2004
Madhav Bhatia1, Shabbir Moochhala2
1Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
2Combat Care and Performance Laboratory, Defence Medical Research Institute, Singapore

Tóm tắt

AbstractInflammatory response leading to organ dysfunction and failure continues to be the major problem after injury in many clinical conditions such as sepsis, severe burns, acute pancreatitis, haemorrhagic shock, and trauma. In general terms, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an entirely normal response to injury. Systemic leukocyte activation, however, is a direct consequence of a SIRS and if excessive, can lead to distant organ damage and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). When SIRS leads to MODS and organ failure, the mortality becomes high and can be more than 50%. Acute lung injury that clinically manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major component of MODS of various aetiologies. Inflammatory mediators play a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, which is the primary cause of death in these conditions. This review summarizes recent studies that demonstrate the critical role played by inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, platelet activating factor (PAF), IL‐10, granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), C5a, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, substance P, chemokines, VEGF, IGF‐I, KGF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the pathogenesis of ARDS. It is reasonable to speculate that elucidation of the key mediators in ARDS coupled with the discovery of specific inhibitors would make it possible to develop clinically effective anti‐inflammatory therapy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Journal of Pathology

Tập 202 Số 2

145-156

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