Vai trò của sự phân cực đại thực bào ở người trong quá trình viêm trong các bệnh truyền nhiễm
Tóm tắt
Các mô hình thí nghiệm thường là nền tảng cho các khuôn mẫu miễn dịch như sự phân cực M1/M2 của đại thực bào. Tuy nhiên, sự phân cực rõ rệt này trong các mô hình động vật không rõ ràng ở người, và ranh giới giữa các đại thực bào kiểu M1 và M2 thực sự được thể hiện dưới dạng một continuum, nơi mà các ranh giới vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Thực tế, các bệnh truyền nhiễm ở người được đặc trưng bởi sự quay vòng hoặc thường có một kiểu hình hỗn hợp giữa môi trường viêm pro-inflammatory (được chi phối bởi các cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 và Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α) và tổn thương mô do các đại thực bào được kích hoạt theo cách cổ điển (kiểu M1) và quá trình lành vết thương do các đại thực bào được kích hoạt theo chiều hướng khác (kiểu M2) diễn ra trong môi trường chống viêm (được chi phối bởi IL-10, yếu tố tăng trưởng chuyển đổi (TGF)-β, chemokine ligand (CCL)1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL18, và CCL22). Bài đánh giá này làm nổi bật sự phức tạp của tình hình trong các bệnh truyền nhiễm bằng cách nhấn mạnh vào continuum giữa các cực M1 và M2. Đầu tiên, chúng tôi thảo luận về sinh học cơ bản của việc phân cực đại thực bào, chức năng và vai trò của nó trong quá trình viêm và sự giải quyết của nó. Thứ hai, chúng tôi thảo luận về sự liên quan của continuum phân cực đại thực bào trong các bệnh truyền nhiễm và bị bỏ quên, và khả năng can thiệp vào các trạng thái kích hoạt như một chiến lược điều trị đầy hứa hẹn trong việc điều trị các bệnh này.
Từ khóa
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