Risks and benefits of CT angiography in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Andersen KK, Olsen TS, Dehlendorff C, Kammersgaard LP (2009) Hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes compared: stroke severity, mortality, and risk factors. Stroke J Cereb Circ 40:2068–2072

Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, Wang J, Stapf C, Delcourt C, Lindley R, Robinson T, Lavados P, Neal B, Hata J, Arima H, Parsons M, Li Y, Wang J, Heritier S, Li Q, Woodward M, Simes RJ, Davis SM, Chalmers J, Investigators I (2013) Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. New Engl J Med 368:2355–2365

Brouwers HB, Biffi A, McNamara KA, Ayres AM, Valant V, Schwab K, Romero JM, Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Goldstein JN (2012) Apolipoprotein E genotype is associated with CT angiography spot sign in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke J Cereb Circ 43:2120–2125

Chae J, Zorowitz RD, Johnston MV (1996) Functional outcome of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke patients after in-patient rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75:177–182

Chang GY (2007) Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 68:471–472, author reply 472

Davis SM, Broderick J, Hennerici M, Brun NC, Diringer MN, Mayer SA, Begtrup K, Steiner T (2006) Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 66:1175–1181

Delgado Almandoz JE, Yoo AJ, Stone MJ, Schaefer PW, Goldstein JN, Rosand J, Oleinik A, Lev MH, Gonzalez RG, Romero JM (2009) Systematic characterization of the computed tomography angiography spot sign in primary intracerebral hemorrhage identifies patients at highest risk for hematoma expansion: the spot sign score. Stroke J Cereb Circ 40:2994–3000

Demchuk AM, Dowlatshahi D, Rodriguez-Luna D, Molina CA, Blas YS, Dzialowski I, Kobayashi A, Boulanger JM, Lum C, Gubitz G, Padma V, Roy J, Kase CS, Kosior J, Bhatia R, Tymchuk S, Subramaniam S, Gladstone DJ, Hill MD, Aviv RI (2012) Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign (PREDICT): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 11:307–314

Evans A, Demchuk A, Symons SP, Dowlatshahi D, Gladstone DJ, Zhang L, Fox AJ, Aviv RI (2010) The spot sign is more common in the absence of multiple prior microbleeds. Stroke J Cereb Circ 41:2210–2217

Flaherty ML, Jauch EC (2013) The Spot Sign for Predicting and Treating ICH Growth Study (STOP-IT). Available at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00810888 (accessed May 23, 2013)

Gladstone DJ, Aviv RI, Demchuk A (2013) ‘Spot Sign’ Selection of Intracerebral Hemorrhage to Guide Hemostatic Therapy (SPOTLIGHT).Available at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01359202 (accessed May23, 2013)

Goldstein J, Brouwers H, Romero J, McNamara K, Schwab K, Greenberg S, Rosand J (2012) SCORE-IT: the Spot Sign score in restricting ICH growth horizontal line an Atach-II ancillary study. J Vasc Interv Neurol 5:20–25

Hopyan JJ, Gladstone DJ, Mallia G, Schiff J, Fox AJ, Symons SP, Buck BH, Black SE, Aviv RI (2008) Renal safety of CT angiography and perfusion imaging in the emergency evaluation of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:1826–1830

Huynh TJ, Demchuk AM, Dowlatshahi D, Gladstone DJ, Krischek O, Kiss A, Hill MD, Molina CA, Rodriguez-Luna D, Dzialowski I, Silva Y, Czlonkowska A, Lum C, Boulanger JM, Gubitz G, Bhatia R, Padma V, Roy J, Kase CS, Aviv RI (2013) Spot sign number is the most important spot sign characteristic for predicting hematoma expansion using first-pass computed tomography angiography: analysis from the PREDICT study. Stroke J Cereb Circ 44:972–977

Kothari RU, Brott T, Broderick JP, Barsan WG, Sauerbeck LR, Zuccarello M, Khoury J (1996) The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes. Stroke J Cereb Circ 27:1304–1305

Krol AL, Dzialowski I, Roy J, Puetz V, Subramaniam S, Coutts SB, Demchuk AM (2007) Incidence of radiocontrast nephropathy in patients undergoing acute stroke computed tomography angiography. Stroke J Cereb Circ 38:2364–2366

Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Steiner T (2005) Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. New Engl J Med 352:777–785

Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Steiner T (2008) Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 358:2127–2137

Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, Murray GD, Gholkar A, Mitchell PM (2013) Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet 382:397–408

Meretoja A, Churilov L, Campbell BC, Aviv RI, Yassi N, Barras C, Mitchell P, Yan B, Nandurkar H, Bladin C, Wijeratne T, Spratt NJ, Jannes J, Sturm J, Rupasinghe J, Zavala J, Lee A, Kleinig T, Markus R, Delcourt C, Mahant N, Parsons MW, Levi C, Anderson CS, Donnan GA, Davis SM (2013) The Spot sign and Tranexamic acid On Preventing ICH growth - AUStralasia Trial (STOP-AUST): Protocol of a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Int J Stroke: Off J Int Stroke Soc. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12132

Morcos SK, Thomsen HS, Webb JA (1999) Contrast-media-induced nephrotoxicity: a consensus report. Contrast Media Safety Committee, European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR). Eur Radiol 9:1602–1613

Oleinik A, Romero JM, Schwab K, Lev MH, Jhawar N, Delgado Almandoz JE, Smith EE, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Goldstein JN (2009) CT angiography for intracerebral hemorrhage does not increase risk of acute nephropathy. Stroke J Cereb Circ 40:2393–2397

Vasilevko V, Passos GF, Quiring D, Head E, Kim RC, Fisher M, Cribbs DH (2010) Aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction: contribution of hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and immunotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1207:58–70

Wada R, Aviv RI, Fox AJ, Sahlas DJ, Gladstone DJ, Tomlinson G, Symons SP (2007) CT angiography “spot sign” predicts hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke J Cereb Circ 38:1257–1262