Sự gia tăng các rào cản thủy văn trong các quần thể liên tục của một loài cá voi: cấu trúc di truyền của cá heo mỏ vịt ở vùng biển Cổ Xưa

BMC Biology - Tập 5 - Trang 1-16 - 2007
Michaël C Fontaine1,2, Stuart JE Baird2, Sylvain Piry2, Nicolas Ray3, Krystal A Tolley4,5, Sarah Duke6, Alexei Birkun7, Marisa Ferreira8, Thierry Jauniaux9, Ángela Llavona10, Bayram Öztürk11, Ayaka A Öztürk11, Vincent Ridoux12, Emer Rogan13, Marina Sequeira14, Ursula Siebert15, Gísli A Vikingsson16, Jean-Marie Bouquegneau1, Johan R Michaux2,17
1MARE – Laboratory for Oceanology, University of Liège, Belgium
2INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, cedex, France
3Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
4Marine Mammal Division, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
5Molecular Systematics Laboratory, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
6Department of Zoology, University College, Dublin, Ireland
7Laboratory of Biotechnological Research in Ecology, Medicine and Aquaculture (BREMA), Simferopol, Ukraine
8Portuguese Wildlife Society Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
9Department of Pathology, Veterinary College, Sart Tilman B43, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
10Coordinadora para o Estudio dos Mamiferos MAriños, CEMMA, Gondomar, Spain
11Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Laleli-Istanbul, Turkey
12Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins, Institut de la Mer et du Littoral, La Rochelle, France
13Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College, Cork, Ireland
14Instituto da Conservação da Natureza, Lisboa, Portugal
15Forschungs- und Technologie Zentrum, Westküste, Universität Kiel, Büsum, Germany
16Marine Research Institute, Reykjavík, Iceland
17Génétique des Microorganismes, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique B22, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

Tóm tắt

Hiểu rõ vai trò của cảnh quan biển trong việc hình thành cấu trúc di truyền và nhân khẩu học của quần thể là một thách thức lớn đối với các loài sinh vật biển pelagic như cá voi, mà thường thiếu bằng chứng về những yếu tố có thể hiệu quả trong việc hạn chế sự phân bổ của chúng. Trong công trình này, chúng tôi đã áp dụng một sự kết hợp của các phương pháp di truyền cảnh quan dựa trên cá nhân gần đây để điều tra cấu trúc di truyền quần thể của loài cá heo mỏ vịt có tầm di chuyển cao, tại khu vực Bắc Đại Tây Dương phía Đông, liên quan đến các đặc điểm hải dương học có thể hạn chế sự phân bổ của nó. Phân tích 10 locus vi vệ tinh trên 752 cá thể đã tiết lộ rằng phần lớn khu vực được lấy mẫu ở vùng Bắc Đại Tây Dương phía Đông hành xử như một quần thể 'liên tục', trải rộng qua hàng nghìn km với sự cách biệt quan trọng theo khoảng cách (IBD). Tuy nhiên, những rào cản mạnh mẽ đối với dòng gen đã được phát hiện ở phần phía Đông Nam của vùng. Những rào cản này trùng hợp với những thay đổi sâu sắc trong các đặc điểm môi trường và cô lập, trên một quy mô tương đối nhỏ, cá heo ở vùng nước Iberia và trên quy mô lớn hơn là cá heo từ Biển Đen. Sự hiện diện của những rào cản này đối với dòng gen trùng hợp với những thay đổi sâu sắc trong các đặc điểm hải dương học, cùng với sự biến thiên không gian trong cường độ IBD, lần đầu tiên cung cấp bằng chứng mạnh mẽ rằng các quá trình vật lý có ảnh hưởng lớn đến cấu trúc nhân khẩu học và di truyền của một loài cá voi. Mô hình di truyền này cung cấp thêm dấu hiệu về sự phân mảnh liên quan đến môi trường của vùng phân bố của cá heo mỏ vịt điều này có khả năng sẽ gia tăng do sự ấm lên bề mặt đại dương được dự đoán.

Từ khóa

#cá heo mỏ vịt #cấu trúc di truyền #nhân khẩu học #hải dương học #rào cản #phân mảnh môi trường

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