Revised reference values for the intake of thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), and niacin

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, 2015 German Nutrition Society, 2012, New reference values for vitamin D, Ann. Nutr. Metab., 60, 241, 10.1159/000337547 German Nutrition Society, 2013, New reference values for calcium, Ann. Nutr. Metab., 63, 186, 10.1159/000354482 Krawinkel, 2014, Revised D-A-CH intake recommendations for folate: how much is needed?, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 68, 719, 10.1038/ejcn.2014.45 German Nutrition Society, 2015, New reference values for energy intake, Ann. Nutr. Metab., 66, 219, 10.1159/000430959 Kipp, 2015, Revised reference values for selenium intake, J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.07.005 German Nutrition Society, 2015, New reference values for vitamin C intake, Ann. Nutr. Metab., 67, 13, 10.1159/000434757 Bates, 2007, Thiamine, 253 McCormick, 2006, Riboflavin, 434 Kirkland, 2014, Niacin, 331 Horwitt, 1956, Tryptophan-niacin relationships in man: studies with diets deficient in riboflavin and niacin, together with observations on the excretion of nitrogen and niacin metabolites, J. Nutr., 60, 1, 10.1093/jn/60.suppl_1.1 Horwitt, 1981, Niacin-tryptophan relationships for evaluating niacin equivalents, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 34, 423, 10.1093/ajcn/34.3.423 Fukuwatari, 2007, Effect of nicotinamide administration on the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway in humans, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 77, 255, 10.1024/0300-9831.77.4.255 EFSA, 2006 IOM (Institute of Medicine), 1998 Sauberlich, 1999 Bémeur, 2014, Thiamin, 317 Finglas, 1993, Thiamin, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 63, 270 Rivlin, 2007, Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), 233 Hoey, 2009, Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with riboflavin: a systematic review, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 89, 1960S, 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230B Said, 2014, Riboflavin, 325 Harvey, 2012 Bender, 2009, The Vitamins, 132 Jacob, 1989, Biochemical markers for assessment of niacin status in young men: urinary and blood levels of niacin metabolites, J. Nutr., 119, 591, 10.1093/jn/119.4.591 Patterson, 1980, Excretion of tryptophan-niacin metabolites by young men: effects of tryptophan, leucine, and vitamin B6 intakes, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 2157, 10.1093/ajcn/33.10.2157 Shibata, 1989, Correlation between niacin equivalent intake and urinary excretion of its metabolites, N′-methylnicotinamide, N′-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N′-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, in humans consuming a self-selected food, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 50, 114, 10.1093/ajcn/50.1.114 Tsuji, 2011, Twenty-four-hour urinary water-soluble vitamin levels correlate with their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren, Public Health Nutr., 14, 327, 10.1017/S1368980010001904 Hegyi, 2004, Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea, Int. J. Dermatol., 43, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.01959.x EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2014, Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for niacin, EFSA J., 12, 3759, 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3759 Creeke, 2007, Whole blood NAD and NADP concentrations are not depressed in subjects with clinical pellagra, J. Nutr., 137, 2013, 10.1093/jn/137.9.2013 Hathaway, 1946, A comparison of thiamine synthesis and excretion in human subjects on synthetic and natural diets, J. Nutr., 32, 1, 10.1093/jn/32.1.1 Foltz, 1944, The level of vitamin B-complex in the diet at which detectable symptoms of deficiency occur in man, Gastroenterology, 2, 323 Sauberlich, 1979, Thiamin requirement of the adult human, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 32, 2237, 10.1093/ajcn/32.11.2237 Bamji, 1969, Glutathione reductase activity in red blood cells and riboflavin nutritional status in humans, Clin. Chim. Acta, 26, 263, 10.1016/0009-8981(69)90376-3 Kuizon, 1998, Riboflavin requirements of Filipino children and non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women: studied by the erthrocyte glutathione reductase activation test, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 7, 41 Horwitt, 1950, Correlation of urinary excretion of riboflavin with dietary intake and symptoms of ariboflavinosis, J. Nutr., 41, 247, 10.1093/jn/41.2.247 Goldsmith, 1952, Studies of niacin requirement in man. I. Experimental pellagra in subjects on corn diets low in niacin and tryptophan, J. Clin. Invest., 31, 533, 10.1172/JCI102638 Goldsmith, 1955, Studies of niacin requirement in man. II. Requirement on wheat and corn diets low in tryptophan, J. Nutr., 56, 371, 10.1093/jn/56.3.371 Frazier, 1946, Pellagra, a study in human nutrition; the multiple-factor principle of the determination of minimum vitamin requirements, Q. Bull. Northwest. Univ. Med. Sch., 20, 24 Goldsmith, 1956, Experimental niacin deficiency, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 32, 312, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)16074-2 DH (Department of Health), 2009 WHO (World Health Organization), 2004 Nordic Council of Ministers (Ed.), Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012, 5th ed., (Kopenhagen), 2014. Butte, 2002 Bührer, 2014, Ernährung gesunder Säuglinge, Monatsschr. Kinderheilkd., 162, 527, 10.1007/s00112-014-3129-2 Neville, 1988, Studies in human lactation: milk volumes in lactating women during the onset of lactation and full lactation, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 48, 1375, 10.1093/ajcn/48.6.1375 2008 Thomas, 1980, The effects of vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, riboflavin, and thiamin on the breast milk and maternal status of well-nourished women at 6months postpartum, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 2151, 10.1093/ajcn/33.10.2151 Nail, 1980, The effect of thiamin and riboflavin supplementation on the level of those vitamins in human breast milk and urine, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 198, 10.1093/ajcn/33.2.198 Ford, 1983, Comparison of the B vitamin composition of milk from mothers of preterm and term babies, Arch. Dis. Child., 58, 367, 10.1136/adc.58.5.367 Ortega, 2004, Thiamin status during the third trimester of pregnancy and its influence on thiamin concentrations in transition and mature breast milk, Br. J. Nutr., 92, 129, 10.1079/BJN20041153 Stolley, 1981, Nähr-und Wirkstoffe in Frauenmilch: Protein, Laktose, Mineralien, Spurenelemente und Thiamin, Monatsschr. Kinderheilkd., 129, 293 Roughead, 1990, Flavin composition of human milk, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, 854, 10.1093/ajcn/52.5.854 Department of Health and Social Security, 1977, The composition of mature human milk. Report of a working party of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, Rep. Health Soc. Subj., 12, 1 Fondation INITIA, 2013, Literature search and review related to specific preparatory work in establishment of dietary reference values of thiamin, pantothenic acid and choline Buijssen, 2014, Literature search and review related to specific preparatory work in the establishment of dietary reference values for riboflavin Pallas health research and consultancy, 2012, Literature search and review related to specific preparatory work in the establishment of dietary reference values for niacin, biotin and vitamin B6 Bechthold, 2012, Beurteilung der Vitaminversorgung in Deutschland: Teil 2: Kritische Vitamine und Vitaminzufuhr in besonderen Lebenssituationen, Ernahrungs Umschau, 59, 396 Bechthold, 2015, Aktualisierte „Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr“, Ernahrungs Umschau, 62, M101 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (Hrsg.), 2014