Review of triple-frequency GNSS: ambiguity resolution, benefits and challenges

The Journal of Global Positioning Systems - Tập 16 - Trang 1-11 - 2018
Bofeng Li1
1College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Tóm tắt

Triple-frequency GNSS has been intensively studying in the past decades, especially with the open service of China’s BeiDou system. In this review, we will address the ambiguity resolution, benefits gained from additional frequency signals compared to the dual-frequency GNSS signals, as well as analyse the challenges of triple-frequency GNSS for future development. We first review and compare the three carrier ambiguity resolution models of geometry-based, geometry-free, geometry-ionosphere-free (GIF). The benefits gained from triple-frequency GNSS are then comprehensively examined with respect to dual-frequency case, including the improved ambiguity resolution, extra-widelane based RTK, the augmented RTK service, the shortened PPP convergence, the improved availability and reliability. In addition, some challenges are discussed from both theoretical and practical aspects to open eyes for future research.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Cocard M, Bourgon S, Kamali O, Collins P (2008) A systematic investigation of optimal carrier-phase combinations for modernized triple-frequency GPS. J Geod 82(9):555–564 Collins P, Lahaye F, Héroux P, Bisnath S (2008) Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution using the decoupled clock model. ION 2008, Savannah, US, pp 1315–1322 Dai L, Eslinger D, Sharpe T (2007) Innovative algorithms to improve long range RTK reliability and availability. ION NTM 2007, San Diego CA, pp 860–872 Deng C, Tang W, Liu J, Shi C (2014) Reliable single-epoch ambiguity resolution for short baselines using combined GPS/BeiDou system. GPS Solut 18(3):375–386 Deo M, El-Mowafy A (2016) Triple-frequency GNSS models for PPP with float ambiguity estimation: performance comparison using GPS. Survey Rev. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2016.1263179 Dodson AH, Shardlow PJ, Hubbard LCM, Elgered G, Jarlemark POJ (1996) Wet tropospheric effects on precise relative GPS height determination. J Geod 70(4):188–202 Feng Y (2008) GNSS three carrier ambiguity resolution using ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. J Geod 82(12):847–862 Feng Y, Li B (2008) A benefit of multiple carrier GNSS signals: regional scale network-based RTK with doubled inter-station distances. J Spat Sci 53:135–147 Feng Y, Li B (2010) Wide area real time kinematic decimetre positioning with multiple carrier GNSS signals. Sci China Earth Sci 53(5):731–740 Feng Y, Rizos C (2005) Three carrier approaches for future global, regional and local GNSS positioning services: concepts and performance perspectives. ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA, pp 2277–2287 Fernández-Plazaola U, Martín-Guerrero TM, Entrambasaguas JT (2008) A new method for three-carrier GNSS ambiguity resolution. J Geod 82(4-5):269–278 Fernández-Plazaola U, Martín-Guerrero TM, Entrambasaguas-Muñoz JT, Martín-Neira M (2004) Null meth-od applied to three frequencies. J Geod 78(1-2):96–102 Forssell B, Martín-Neira M, Harris R (1997) Carrier phase ambiguity resolution in GNSS-2. ION GPS 1997, Kansas City, MO, pp 1727–1736 Ge M, Gendt G, Rothacher M, Shi C, Liu J (2008) Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. J Geod 82(7):389–399 Geng J, Bock Y (2013) Triple-frequency GPS precise point positioning with rapid ambiguity resolution. J Geod 87(5):449–460 Gu S, Lou Y, Shi C, Liu J (2015) BeiDou phase bias estimation and its application in precise point positioning with triple-frequency observable. J Geod 89(10):979–992 Guo F, Zhang X, Wang J (2015) Timing group delay and differential code bias corrections for BeiDou positioning. J Geod 89(5):427–445 Guo F, Zhang X, Wang J, Ren X (2016) Modeling and assessment of triple-frequency BDS precise point positioning. J Geod 90:1223–1235 Hatch R, Jung J, Enge P (2000) Civilian GPS: the benefits of three frequencies. GPS Solut 3(4):1–9 He H, Li J, Yang Y, Xu J, Guo H, Wang A (2014) Performance assessment of single- and dual-frequency BeiDou/GPS single-epoch kinematic positioning. GPS Solut 18(3):393–403 Henkel P, Günther C (2012) Reliable integer ambiguity resolution: multi-frequency code carrier linear combinations and statistical a priori knowledge of attitude. J Inst Nav 59(1):61–75 Laurichesse D, Mercier F, Berthias J, Bijac J (2008) Real time zero-difference ambiguities fixing and absolute RTK. ION 2008, Savannah, US, pp 747–755 Leick A (2004) GPS satellite surveying, 3rd edn. John Wiley, New York Li B (2016) Stochastic modeling of triple-frequency BeiDou signals: estimation, assessment and impact analysis. J Geod 90:593–610 Li B, Feng Y, Gao W, Li Z (2015a) Real-time kinematic positioning over long baselines using triple-frequency BeiDou signals. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 51(4):1–16 Li B, Feng Y, Shen Y (2010a) Three carrier ambiguity resolution: distance-independent performance demonstrated using semi-generated triple frequency GPS signals. GPS Solut 14(2):177–184 Li B, Feng Y, Shen Y, Wang C (2010b) Geometry-specified troposphere decorrelation for subcentimeter real-time kinematic solutions over long baselines. J Geophys Res 115:B11404. Li B, Li Z, Zhang Z, Tan Y (2017a) ERTK: extra-wide-lane RTK of triple-frequency GNSS signals. J Geod 91:1031–1047 Li B, Zhang L, Verhagen S (2017b) Impacts of BeiDou stochastic model on reliability: overall test, w-test and minimal detectable bias. GPS Solut 21: 1095–1112. Li B, Shen Y, Feng Y, Gao W, Yang L (2014a) GNSS ambiguity resolution with controllable failure rate for long baseline network RTK. J Geod 88(2):99–112 Li B, Shen Y, Lou L (2011a) Efficient estimation of variance and covariance components: a case study for GPS stochastic model evaluation. IEEE Trans Geos Remote Sens 49(1):203–210 Li B, Shen Y, Xu P (2008) Assessment of stochastic models for GPS measurements with different types of receivers. Chi Sci Bull 53(20):3219–3225 Li B, Shen Y, Zhang X (2013) Three frequency GNSS navigation prospect demonstrated with semi-simulated data. Adv Space Res 51(7):1175–1185 Li B, Teunissen PJG (2014) GNSS antenna array-aided CORS ambiguity resolution. J Geod 88(4):363–376 Li B, Verhagen S, Teunissen PJG (2014b) Robustness of GNSS integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of atmospheric biases. GPS Solut 18(2):283–296 Li H, Li B, Xiao G, Wang J, Xu T (2016) Improved method for estimating the inter-frequency satellite clock bias of triple-frequency GPS. GPS Solut 20:751–760 Li T, Chen Q, Wang J (2015b) Enhanced RTK integer ambiguity resolution with BeiDou triple-frequency observations, China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2015, vol III. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp 227–238 Li T, Wang J, Laurichesse D (2014) Modeling and quality control for reliable precise point positioning integer ambiguity resolution with GNSS modernization. GPS Solut 18(3):429–442 Li X, Zhang X, Ge M (2011b) Regional reference network augmented precise point positioning for instantaneous ambiguity resolution. J Geod 85(3):151–158 Montenbruck O, Hauschild A, Steigenberger P, Hugen-tobler U, Teunissen P, Nakamura S (2013) Initial assessment of the COMPASS/BeiDou-2 regional navigation satellite system. GPS Solut 17(2):211–222 Odolinski R, Teunissen PJG, Odijk D (2013) An analysis of combined COMPASS/BeiDou-2 and GPS single- and multi-frequency RTK positioning. ION PNT 2013, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp 69–90 Richert T, El-Sheimy N (2007) Optimal linear combinations of triple frequency carrier phase data from future global navigation satellite systems. GPS Solut 11(1):11–19 Shi C, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Liu J (2013) Precise relative positioning using real tracking data from COMPASS GEO and IGSO satellites. GPS Solut 17(1):103–119 Teunissen P, Joosten P, Tiberius C (2002) A comparison of TCAR, CIR and LAMBDA GNSS ambiguity resolution. ION GPS 2002, Portland, OR, pp 2799–2808 Teunissen PJG (1995) The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: a method for fast GPS integer ambiguity estimation. J Geod 70:65–82 Teunissen PJG (2001) Integer estimation in the presence of biases. J Geod 75(7-8):399–407 Tiberius C, Kenselaar F (2000) Estimation of the stochastic model for GPS code and phase observation. Surv Rev 35(277):441–454 Verhagen S, Tiberius C, Li B, Teunissen PJG (2012) Challenges in ambiguity resolution: Biases, weak models, and dimensional curse. NAVITEC, 2012 6th ESA Workshop on, Noordwijk, Netherlands, pp 1–8 Vollath U, Birnbach S, Landau H (1998) Analysis of three carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) technique for precise relative positioning in GNSS-2. ION GPS 1998:417–426 Wang J, Stewart M, Sakiri M (1998) Stochastic modeling for static GPS baseline data processing. J Surv Engi 124(4):171–181 Wang K, Rothacher M (2013) Ambiguity resolution for triple-frequency geometry-free and ionosphere-free combination tested with real data. J Geod 87(6):539–553