Review of the effects of manufactured nanoparticles on mammalian target organs

Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 38 Số 1 - Trang 25-40 - 2018
Tianshu Wu1,2,3, Meng Tang1,2,3
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
2Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education
3Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China

Tóm tắt

AbstractNanotechnology had matured significantly during the last two decades as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Even though the issue of safety of nanotechnology has been raised nearly one decade ago, the rapid progress in development and use of nanomaterials has not yet been matched by toxicological investigations. Many recent studies have simply outlined the toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs), but few have systematically addressed their potentially adverse biological effects on target organs. Some animal models have shown that NPs could be accumulated in various organs. These accumulations can access the vasculature and target other organs, resulting in a potential health risks. After the brief description of current knowledge on the wide applications of several common NPs, their applications and the toxicokinetics, this review focused on effects of NPs on organ functions and mammal health after acute or chronic exposure, and potential mechanisms of action. Due to their physical properties, the liver, kidneys and lung are the main target organs of NPs. Most of NPs show slight toxicity when exposed to animals, while certain toxic effects like oxidative stress generation, inflammation and DNA damage are commonly observed. The severity of NPs toxicity is dependent upon several factors, including exposure dose and administration, NPs chemistry, size, shape, agglomeration state, and electromagnetic properties, which could provide useful information necessary to control the toxicity of NPs. Finally, the safety evaluation of nanotoxicity was addressed.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Applied Toxicology

Tập 38 Số 1

25-40

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