Retinal Progenitor Cells, Differentiation, and Barriers to Cell Cycle Reentry

Ajioka, 2007, Differentiated horizontal interneurons clonally expand to form metastatic retinoblastoma in mice, Cell, 131, 378, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.036 Anchan, 1991, EGF and TGFalpha stimulate retinal neuroepithelial cell proliferation in vitro, Neuron, 6, 923, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90233-P Barhoum, 2008, Functional and structural modifications during retinal degeneration in the rd10 mouse, Neuroscience, 155, 698, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.042 Bernstein, 2006, A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells, Cell, 125, 315, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.041 Bonda, 2009, Evidence for the progression through S-phase in the ectopic cell cycle re-entry of neurons in Alzheimer's disease, Aging, 1, 382, 10.18632/aging.100044 Bowes, 1990, Retinal degeneration in the rd mouse is caused by a defect in the beta subunit of rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase, Nature, 347, 677, 10.1038/347677a0 Boyer, 2006, Polycomb complexes repress developmental regulators in murine embryonic stem cells, Nature, 441, 349, 10.1038/nature04733 Burmeister, 1996, Ocular retardation mouse caused by Chx10 homeobox null allele: Impaired retinal progenitor proliferation and bipolar cell differentiation, Nat. Genet., 12, 376, 10.1038/ng0496-376 Cepko, 1996, Cell fate determination in the vertebrate retina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 589, 10.1073/pnas.93.2.589 Chahrour, 2008, MeCP2, a key contributor to neurological disease, activates and represses transcription, Science, 320, 1224, 10.1126/science.1153252 Cherry, 2009, Development and diversification of retinal amacrine interneurons at single cell resolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 9495, 10.1073/pnas.0903264106 Clapier, 2009, The biology of chromatin remodeling complexes, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 78, 273, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062706.153223 Close, 2005, Retinal neurons regulate proliferation of postnatal progenitors and Muller glia in the rat retina via TGF beta signaling, Development, 132, 3015, 10.1242/dev.01882 Damiani, 2008, Dicer inactivation leads to progressive functional and structural degeneration of the mouse retina, J. Neurosci., 28, 4878, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0828-08.2008 Doonan, 2005, Activation of multiple pathways during photoreceptor apoptosis in the rd mouse, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 3530, 10.1167/iovs.05-0248 Dyer, 2001, Regulating proliferation during retinal development, Nat. Rev., 2, 333, 10.1038/35072555 Elliott, 2008, Ikaros confers early temporal competence to mouse retinal progenitor cells, Neuron, 60, 26, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.08.008 Farber, 1974, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate: Elevation in degenerating photoreceptor cells of the C3H mouse retina, Science, 186, 449, 10.1126/science.186.4162.449 Halder, 1995, Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila, Science, 267, 1788, 10.1126/science.7892602 Hauck, 2006, Differential modification of phosducin protein in degenerating rd1 retina is associated with constitutively active Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II in rod outer segments, Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 5, 324, 10.1074/mcp.M500217-MCP200 Heidenreich, 2003, Molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell death, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 991, 237, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07480.x Higuchi, 2005, Distinct mechanistic roles of calpain and caspase activation in neurodegeneration as revealed in mice overexpressing their specific inhibitors, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 15229, 10.1074/jbc.M500939200 Hill, 1991, Mouse small eye results from mutations in a paired-like homeobox-containing gene, Nature, 354, 522, 10.1038/354522a0 Hoglinger, 2007, The pRB/E2F cell-cycle pathway meidates cell death in Parkinson's disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 3585, 10.1073/pnas.0611671104 Isshiki, 2001, Drosophila neuroblasts sequentially express transcription factors which specify the temporal identity of their neuronal progeny, Cell, 106, 511, 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00465-2 Jones, 2005, Retinal remodeling during retinal degeneration, Exp. Eye Res., 81, 123, 10.1016/j.exer.2005.03.006 Kim, 2005, GDF11 controls the timing of progenitor cell competence in developing retina, Science, 308, 1927, 10.1126/science.1110175 Klein, 2002, The Harlequin Mouse mutation down-regulates apoptosis-inducing factor, Nature, 419, 367, 10.1038/nature01034 Komeima, 2008, Blockade of neuronal nitric oxide synthase reduces cone cell death in a model of retinitis pigmentosa, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 45, 905, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.020 Lamba, 2008, Baf60c is a component of the neural progenitor-specific BAF complex in developing retina, Dev. Dyn., 237, 3016, 10.1002/dvdy.21697 Lavail, 1991, Cytogenesis of the monkey retina, J. Comp. Neurol., 309, 86, 10.1002/cne.903090107 Lessard, 2007, An essential switch in subunit composition of a chromatin remodeling complex during neural development, Neuron, 55, 201, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.019 Li, 1992, Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality, Cell, 69, 915, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-F Li, 2004, Foxn4 controls the genesis of amacrine and horizontal cells by retinal progenitors, Neuron, 43, 795, 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.041 Lillien, 1992, Control of proliferation in the retina: Temporal changes in responsiveness to FGF and TGF alpha, Development, 115, 253, 10.1242/dev.115.1.253 Locker, 2010, Hedgehog signaling and the retina: Insights into the mechanisms controlling the proliferative properties of neural precursors, Genes Dev., 20, 3036, 10.1101/gad.391106 Lonze, 2002, Apoptosis, Axonal growth defects, and degeneration of peripheral neurons in mice lacking CREB, Neuron, 34, 371, 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00686-4 Martins, 2007, N-myc Coordinates retinal growth with eye size during mouse development, Genes Dev., 22, 179, 10.1101/gad.1608008 Massey, 2004, Pathophysiology of chaperone-mediated autophagy, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 36, 2420, 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.04.010 Mathers, 1997, The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development, Nature, 387, 603, 10.1038/42475 Nelson, 2009, Acheate-scute like 1(Ascl1) is required for normal delta-like (Dll) gene expression and notch signaling during retinal development, Dev. Dyn., 238, 2163, 10.1002/dvdy.21848 Okano, 1999, DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development, Cell, 99, 247, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81656-6 Paquet-Durand, 2006, Calpain is activated in degenerating photoreceptors in the rd1 mouse, J. Neurochem., 96, 802, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03628.x Paquet-Durand, 2007, Excessive activation of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase contributes to inherited photoreceptor degeneration in the retinal degeneration 1 mouse, J. Neurosci., 27, 1011, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1514-07.2007 Pelegri, 2008, Cell cycle activation in striatal neurons from Huntington's disease patients and rats treated with 3-nitropropionic acid, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 26, 665, 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.07.016 Pray-Grant, 2005, Chd1 chromodomain links histone H3 methylation with SAGA- and SLIK-dependent acetylation, Nature, 433, 434, 10.1038/nature03242 Punzo, 2009, Stimulation of the insulin/mTOR pathway delays cone death in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, Nat. Neurosci., 12, 44, 10.1038/nn.2234 Qiu, 2008, A calcium-dependent switch in a CREST-BRG1 complex regulates activity-dependent gene expression, Neuron, 60, 775, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.040 Rapaport, 2004, Timing and topography of cell genesis in the rat retina, J. Comp. Neurol., 474, 304, 10.1002/cne.20134 2006 Skapek, 2001, Persistent expression of cyclin D1 disrupts normal photoreceptor differentiation and retina development, Oncogene, 20, 6742, 10.1038/sj.onc.1204876 Taranova, 2006, Sox2 is a dose-dependent regulator of retinal neural progenitor competence, Genes Dev., 20, 1187, 10.1101/gad.1407906 Trimarchi, 2008, Individual retinal progenitor cells display extensive heterogeneity of gene expression, PLoS ONE, 3, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0001588 Tsacopoulos, 1998, Trafficking of molecules and metabolic signals in the retina, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 17, 429, 10.1016/S1350-9462(98)00010-X Wang, 2005, Retinal ganglion cell-derived sonic hedgehog locally controls proliferation and the timing of RGC development in the embryonic mouse retina, Development, 132, 5103, 10.1242/dev.02096 Yoo, 2009, MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in neural development, Nature, 125, 315 Yuan, 2003, Diversity in the mechanisms of neuronal cell death, Neuron, 40, 401, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00601-9 Zhang, 2000, Function of Rx, but not Pax6, is essential for the formation of retinal progenitor cells in mice, Genesis, 28, 135, 10.1002/1526-968X(200011/12)28:3/4<135::AID-GENE70>3.0.CO;2-P Zhu, 2004, Elevated expression of a regulator of G2/M phase of the cell cycle, neuronal CIP-1-associated regulator of cyclin B, in Alzheimer's disease, J. Neurosci. Res., 75, 698, 10.1002/jnr.20028