Responses of ground-dwelling birds and mammals to local environmental variables and human pressure in an Amazonian protected area

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 69 - Trang 1-12 - 2023
Carlos R. Brocardo1,2,3, Dian C. P. Rosa1,4, Arlison B. Castro5,6, Clarissa Rosa7, Kelly Torralvo5, Pedro Pequeno8, William E. Magnusson7, Rodrigo F. Fadini1
1Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
2Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
3Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
4Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Políticas Públicas de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias-PPP, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Manaus, Brazil
6Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
7Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Coordenação da Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
8Universidade Federal de Roraima, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Roraima, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Vertebrates play key roles as seed dispersers, herbivores, and top predators in tropical ecosystems. Therefore, obtaining population estimates for these species and understanding the factors that affect them are essential for wildlife management since changes in their populations have consequences for entire ecosystems. Vertebrate abundances in tropical forest may be related to habitat characteristics, resource seasonality, and human pressure. However, how ecological variables and human pressure concurrently influence animal abundances is not well understood. We investigated the associations between the number of records of vertebrates (ground-dwelling birds and medium- and large-sized mammals) and habitat features, food availability, and human pressure in a sustainable protected area in the Brazilian Amazon of western Pará, Brazil. Our study design included the recording of animals at 38 camera trap stations, sampling of environmental variables (canopy cover, leaf area index, tree height, and local altitude) and food resources (fruit or prey biomass), and measurement of a hunting pressure proxy (distance from human settlements). Our results indicated that groups responded in different ways: omnivorous mammals were affected positively by local altitude, canopy openness, and leaf area index; game birds were affected positively by local altitude and leaf area index; ungulates were affected negatively by local altitude and positively by food resources; and large rodents were affected only by food resources (positively). In contrast, insectivorous mammals and mesopredators were not affected by any variable we tested. Surprisingly, no groups responded to distance from human access, although the low number of records of large species, such Tapirus terrestris and Dicotyles tajacu, suggests that the sampled area may suffer from significant hunting pressure.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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