Requirement for STAT1 in LPS-induced gene expression in macrophages

Journal of Leukocyte Biology - Tập 69 Số 4 - Trang 598-604 - 2001
Yoshihiro Ohmori1, Thomas A. Hamilton1
1Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

Tóm tắt

AbstractThis study examines the role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in induction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. LPS-induced expression of an interferon (IFN)-inducible 10-kDa protein (IP-10), IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs was severely impaired in macrophages prepared fromStat1−/− mice, whereas levels of tumor necrosis factor α and KC (a C-X-C chemokine) mRNA in LPS-treated cell cultures were unaffected. A similar deficiency in LPS-induced gene expression was observed in livers and spleens from Stat1−/− mice. The reduced LPS-stimulated gene expression seen in Stat1−/− macrophages was not the result of reduced activation of nuclear factor κB. LPS stimulated the delayed activation of both IFN-stimulated response element and IFN-γ-activated sequence binding activity in macrophages from wild-type mice. Activation of these STAT1-containing transcription factors was mediated by the intermediate induction of type I IFNs, since the LPS-induced IP-10, IRF-1, and iNOS mRNA expression was markedly reduced in macrophages fromIFN-α/βR−/− mice and blocked by cotreatment with antibodies against type I IFN. These results indicate that indirect activation of STAT1 by LPS-induced type I IFN participates in promoting optimal expression of LPS-inducible genes, and they suggest that STAT1 may play a critical role in innate immunity against gram-negative bacterial infection.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams, 1984, The cell biology of macrophage activation, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2, 283, 10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435

Hamilton, 1995, Signal Transduction in Leukocytes : Role of G-Protein Related and Other Pathways, 325

Ulevitch, 1995, Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 13, 437, 10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.002253

Sweet, 1996, Endotoxin signal transduction in macrophages, J. Leukoc. Biol., 60, 8, 10.1002/jlb.60.1.8

Poltorak, 1998, Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene, Science, 282, 2085, 10.1126/science.282.5396.2085

Qureshi, 1999, Endotoxin-tolerant mice have mutations in Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), J. Exp. Med., 189, 615, 10.1084/jem.189.4.615

Hoshino, 1999, Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the LPS gene product, J. Immunol., 162, 3749, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3749

Medzhitov, 1998, MyD88 is an adaptor protein in the hToll/IL-1 receptor family signaling pathways, Mol. Cell, 2, 253, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80136-7

Baeuerle, 1994, Function and activation of NF-κB in the immune system, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 141, 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041

Karin, 1998, The NF-κB activation pathway: its regulation and role in inflammation and cell survival, Cancer. J. Sci. Am., 4, S92

Ohmori, 1994, kB binding activity in a murine macrophage-like cell line: sequence-specific differences in kB binding and transcriptional activation functions, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 17684, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32495-X

Matsusaka, 1993, Transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-κB synergistically activate transcription of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 90, 10193, 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10193

Ohmori, 1997, Synergy between interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in transcriptional activation is mediated by cooperation between signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor kB, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 14899, 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14899

Lodie, 1997, Stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide alters the phosphorylation state, conformation, and function of PU.1 via activation of casein kinase II, J. Immunol., 158, 1848, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.4.1848

Kovarik, 1998, Stat1 combines signals derived from IFN-γ and LPS receptors during macrophage activation, EMBO. J., 17, 3660, 10.1093/emboj/17.13.3660

Fujihara, 1994, Role of endogenous interferon-beta in lipopolysaccharide-triggered activation of the inducible nitric-oxide synthase gene in a mouse macrophage cell line, J774. J. Biol, Chem., 269, 12773

de Waal Malefyt, 1991, Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes, J. Exp. Med., 174, 1209, 10.1084/jem.174.5.1209

Darnell, 1994, Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins, Science, 264, 1415, 10.1126/science.8197455

Meraz, 1996, Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Cell, 84, 431, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81288-X

Durbin, 1996, Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease, Cell, 84, 443, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81289-1

Tsukada, 1996, A novel STAT-like factor mediates lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 (IL-1), and IL-6 signaling and recognizes a gamma interferon activation site-like element in the IL1B gene. Mol. Cell, Biol., 16, 2183

Ruff-Jamison, 1994, Epidermal growth factor and lipopolysaccharide activate Stat3 transcription factor in mouse liver, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 21933, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31735-0

Deng, 1996, LPS does not directly induce STAT activity in mouse macrophages, Cell. Immunol., 170, 20, 10.1006/cimm.1996.0129

Yamaoka, 1998, Activation of STAT5 by lipopolysaccharide through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in human monocytes, J. Immunol., 160, 838, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.2.838

Gao, 1998, Autocrine/paracrine IFN-αβ mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of transcription factor Stat1α in mouse macrophages: pivotal role of Stat1a in induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. J, Immunol., 161, 4803, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.4803

Gessani, 1989, Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon induce transcription of beta interferon mRNA and interferon secretion in murine macrophages, J. Virol., 63, 2785, 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2785-2789.1989

Trinchieri, 1996, Immunoregulation by interleukin-12, J. Leukoc. Biol., 59, 505, 10.1002/jlb.59.4.505

Muller, 1994, Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense, Science, 264, 1918, 10.1126/science.8009221

Ohmori, 1994, IFN-gamma selectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide-inducible JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and KC/GRO/melanoma growth-stimulating activity gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J, Immunol., 153, 2204, 10.4049/jimmunol.153.5.2204

Chirgwin, 1979, Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease, Biochemistry, 18, 5294, 10.1021/bi00591a005

Ohmori, 1990, A macrophage LPS-inducible early gene encodes the murine homologue of IP-10, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 168, 1261, 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91164-N

Deng, 1993, Synergistic cooperation between T cell lymphokines for induction of the nitric oxide synthase gene in murine peritoneal macrophages, J. Immunol., 151, 322, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.1.322

Higashi, 1983, Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for mouse interferon-beta, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 9522, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44698-9

Dignam, 1983, Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei, Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 1475, 10.1093/nar/11.5.1475

Bradford, 1976, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248, 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Ohmori, 1993, Cooperative interaction between interferon (IFN) stimulus response element and κB sequence motifs controls IFN γ- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated transcription from the murine IP-10 promoter. J. Biol, Chem., 268, 6677

Sims, 1993, A novel interferon-inducible domain: structural and functional analysis of the human interferon regulatory factor 1 gene promoter, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 690

Muller, 1993, Nuclear factor kappa B, a mediator of lipopolysaccharide effects, Immunobiology, 187, 233, 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80342-6

Pine, 1997, Convergence of TNFa and IFNγ signalling pathways through synergistic induction of IRF-1/ISGF-2 is mediated by a composite GAS/kB promoter element, Nucleic. Acids. Res., 25, 4346, 10.1093/nar/25.21.4346

Lowenstein, 1993, Macrophage nitric oxide synthase gene: two upstream regions mediate induction by interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 9730, 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9730

Xie, 1994, Role of transcription factor NF-KB/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 4705, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37600-7

Ohmori, 1995, The interferon-stimulated response element and a kB site mediate synergistic induction of murine IP-10 gene transcription by IFN-γ and TNF-α, J. Immunol., 154, 5235, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.10.5235

Fu, 1990, ISGF3, the transcriptional activator induced by interferon alpha, consists of multiple interacting polypeptide chains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 8555, 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8555

Fu, 1992, The proteins of ISGF-3, the interferon alpha-induced transcriptional activator, define a gene family involved in signal transduction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 7840, 10.1073/pnas.89.16.7840

Cho, 1996, Activation of STAT4 by IL-12 and IFN-α: evidence for the involvement of ligand-induced tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, J. Immunol., 157, 4781, 10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.4781

Rani, 1999, Catalytically active TYK2 is essential for interferon-beta-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 and interferon-alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR-1) but not for activation of phosphoinositol 3-kinase. J. Biol, Chem., 274, 32507

Jahnke, 1994, Synergistic activation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by TNF-α and IFN-γ is mediated by p65/p50 and p65/c-Rel and interferon-responsive factor Stat1-a (p91) that can be activated by both IFN-γ and IFN-α, FEBS Lett., 354, 220, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01130-3

Kamijo, 1994, Requirement for transcription factor IRF-1 in NO synthase induction in macrophages, Science, 263, 1612, 10.1126/science.7510419

Gao, 1997, An interferon-gamma-activated site (GAS) is necessary for full expression of the mouse iNOS gene in response to interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 1226, 10.1074/jbc.272.2.1226

Cousens, 1997, Interferon-α/β inhibition of interleukin 12 and interferon-γ production in vitro and endogenously during viral infection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 634, 10.1073/pnas.94.2.634

Faure, 1997, Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by interferons alpha and beta in bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 32169, 10.1074/jbc.272.51.32169

Lopez-Collazo, 1998, Triggering of peritoneal macrophages with IFN-α/β attenuates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase through a decrease in NF-κB activation. J, Immunol., 160, 2889, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2889