Renewables in residential development: an integrated GIS-based multicriteria approach for decentralized micro-renewable energy production in new settlement development: a case study of the eastern metropolitan area of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
Tóm tắt
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using micro-renewable energy sources. However, planning has not yet developed methodological approaches (1) for spatially optimizing residential development according to the different renewable energy potentials and (2) for integrating objectives of optimized energy efficiency with other environmental requirements and concerns. This study addresses these topics by firstly presenting a new concept for the regional planning. The methodological approach for the evaluation of spatial variations in the available energy potential was based on the combination of existing methods adapted to the local scale and data availability. For assessing the bioenergy potential, a new method was developed. Other environmental criteria for deciding about sustainable locations were identified through a survey of more than 100 expert respondents. This survey involved pairwise comparisons of relevant factors, which were then translated into relative weights using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Subsequently, these weights were applied to factor maps in a Geographical Information System using a weighted linear combination method. In the test region, the eastern metropolitan area of Cagliari, Sardinia, this analysis resulted in the designation of suitable areas for new settlements and preferred locations for micro-renewable technologies. Based on expert preferences, a number of alternatives for future housing development were identified, which can be integrated in the early stages of land use or development plans. The method proposed can be an effective tool for planners to assess changes and to identify the best solution in terms of sustainable development.
Tài liệu tham khảo
EU (2010) Renewable energy: White Paper laying down a Community strategy and action plan.
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/l27023_en.htm
. Accessed 21Sep 2010
citation_journal_title=Renewable Energy; citation_title=Using the microclimate to optimise renewable energy installation; citation_author=A Macleod; citation_volume=33; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=1804-1813; citation_doi=10.1016/j.renene.2007.10.010; citation_id=CR2
citation_title=Projects; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_id=CR3
Deleske A Stadtteil Vauban, Freiburg; 2010.
http://www.vauban.de/
. Accessed 21 September 2010
citation_title=Future forms and design for sustainable cities; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_id=CR5; citation_author=M Jenks; citation_author=N Dempsey; citation_publisher=Elsevier/Architectural Press
citation_title=The renewable city: a comprehensive guide to an urban revolution; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_id=CR6; citation_author=P Droege; citation_publisher=Wiley
citation_journal_title=Energy Policy; citation_title=Energy efficiency fallacies—a postscript; citation_author=L Brookes; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=945-947; citation_doi=10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00062-4; citation_id=CR7
citation_journal_title=Energy Policy; citation_title=Efficient and inefficient aspects of residential energy behaviour: what are the policy instruments for change?; citation_author=A-L Linden, A Carlsson-Kanyama, B Eriksson; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=14; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1918-1927; citation_doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.015; citation_id=CR8
International Energy Agency (IEA): : Key world energy statistics. 2007..
http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2007/key_stats_2007.pdf
. Accessed 21 September 2010.
citation_title=Measures of renewable energy resources; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR10; citation_author=EL Maxwell; citation_author=DS Renne; citation_publisher=NREL/MP-463-6254. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
citation_journal_title=Environ Manage; citation_title=An investigation of renewable resources and renewable technology applications in Bulgaria; citation_author=P Ivanov, L St, L Trifonova, D Renne, J Ohi; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=Suppl 1; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=583-593; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Energy; citation_title=Mapping the potential for decentralized energy generation based on renewable energy sources in the Republic of Croatia; citation_author=DR Schneidera, D Neven, B Zeljko; citation_volume=32; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1731-1744; citation_doi=10.1016/j.energy.2006.12.003; citation_id=CR12
citation_title=Estimation of energy sustainability at local scale; citation_inbook_title=45th ISOCARP Congress 2009; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_id=CR13; citation_author=D Vettorato; citation_author=P Zambelli; citation_publisher=University of Porto
citation_title=Geographic information systems for group decision making; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_id=CR14; citation_author=P Jankowski; citation_author=T Nyerges; citation_publisher=Taylor & Francis
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Sci; citation_title=GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature; citation_author=J Malczewski; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=703-726; citation_doi=10.1080/13658810600661508; citation_id=CR15
citation_title=Mikrogeneration erneuerbarer Energien. Energiepotenziale in der Region Hannover (Micro generation from renewables. Energy potential in the Region of Hannover). Master project; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_id=CR16; citation_author=B Bredemeier; citation_author=M Dandova; citation_author=I Jähnchen; citation_author=T König; citation_author=X Liang; citation_author=C Palmas; citation_author=I Peschel; citation_author=J Stegemann; citation_publisher=Department for Environmental Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Hannover University
citation_title=Naturschutzverträgliche Erzeugung und Nutzung von Biomasse zur Wärme- und Stromgewinnung. Ergebnisse aus dem F+E-Vorhaben 80283040 des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_id=CR17; citation_author=M Rode; citation_author=K Schneider; citation_author=G Ketelhake; citation_author=D Reisshauer; citation_publisher=Bundesamt für Naturschutz
citation_title=Multicriteria evaluation for urban and regional planning; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_id=CR18; citation_author=H Voogd; citation_publisher=Pion
citation_title=A survey of qualitative multiple criteria choice models; citation_inbook_title=Measuring the unmeasurable; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_id=CR19; citation_author=P Nijkamp; citation_author=H Voogd; citation_publisher=Kluwer/Nijhoff
citation_title=GIS and decision making; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=JR Eastman; citation_author=PAK Kyem; citation_author=J Toledano; citation_publisher=UNITAR
citation_title=GIS and multicriteria decision analysis; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=J Malczewski; citation_publisher=Wiley
citation_journal_title=J Environ Manage; citation_title=Formalising expert’s opinion through multi-attribute value functions: an application in landscape ecology; citation_author=D Geneletti; citation_volume=76; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=255-262; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.025; citation_id=CR22
citation_title=Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land-use in the Netherlands; citation_inbook_title=Geographical Information System for urban and regional planning; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_id=CR23; citation_author=R Janssen; citation_author=P Rietveld; citation_publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers
citation_title=Multi-criteria and multi-objective decision making for land allocation using GIS; citation_inbook_title=Multicriteria analysis for land-use management; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_id=CR24; citation_author=JR Eastman; citation_author=H Jiang; citation_author=J Toledano; citation_publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Syst; citation_title=Fuzziness in geographic information systems: contributions from the analytic hierarchy process; citation_author=R Banai; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=315-329; citation_doi=10.1080/02693799308901964; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Syst; citation_title=Integrating multicriteria evaluation with geographical information systems; citation_author=SJ Carver; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=321-339; citation_doi=10.1080/02693799108927858; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Sci; citation_title=Using GIS and outranking multicriteria analysis for landuse suitability assessment; citation_author=F Joerin, M Theriault, A Musy; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=153-174; citation_doi=10.1080/13658810051030487; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Syst; citation_title=A multiple criteria decision-making approach to GIS based land suitability evaluation; citation_author=JMC Pereira, L Duckstein; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=407-424; citation_doi=10.1080/02693799308901971; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Int J Geogr Inf Syst; citation_title=Integrating geographical information systems and multiple criteria decision making methods; citation_author=P Jankowski; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=251-273; citation_doi=10.1080/02693799508902036; citation_id=CR29
citation_title=Dati demografici (demographic data); citation_publication_date=2010; citation_id=CR30
citation_title=Solar model r.sun; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Trans GIS; citation_title=A new GIS-based solar radiation model and its application for photovoltaic assessments; citation_author=M Suri, J Hofierka; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=175-190; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1467-9671.2004.00174.x; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Air Pollution Control Association; citation_title=Dependence of the wind profile power law on stability for various locations; citation_author=JS Touma; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=1977; citation_pages=863-866; citation_doi=10.1080/00022470.1977.10470503; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Atmospheric Environment; citation_title=Adiabatic atmospheric boundary layers: a review and analysis of data from the period 1880–1972; citation_author=J Counihan; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_pages=871-905; citation_doi=10.1016/0004-6981(75)90088-8; citation_id=CR34
citation_title=Energie aus Erdwärme; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR35; citation_author=M Kaltschmitt; citation_author=E Huenges; citation_publisher=Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie
citation_title=oral. Biokompakt; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_id=CR36; citation_author=E Gerlinger
citation_title=Monte Carlo techniques; citation_inbook_title=Numerical computation 2: methods, software, and analysis; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_id=CR37; citation_author=CW Ueberhuber; citation_publisher=Springer
citation_title=Numerical mathematics and computing; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_id=CR38; citation_author=W Cheney; citation_author=D Kincaid; citation_publisher=Thomson Learning
citation_title=The analytic hierarchy process; citation_publication_date=1980; citation_id=CR39; citation_author=TL Saaty; citation_publisher=McGraw-Hill
ESRI. 2010.
http://www.esri.com/
Accessed 16 Jun 2012
Genoa University: CESI Research Center (2002) Italian Wind Atlas (Atlante Eolico d’Italia).
http://atlanteeolico.rse-web.it/viewer.htm
. Accessed 13 Jun 2012
citation_title=Thermische Nutzung des Untergrundes.–Grundlagen, Genehmigungen, Umweltaspekte; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_id=CR42
citation_title=Nota illustrativa alla carta dei suoli della Sardegna (Explanatory note to the soil map of Sardinia). Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Università degli Studi di Cagliari; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_id=CR43; citation_author=A Aru; citation_author=P Baldaccini; citation_author=A Vacca; citation_publisher=Region of Sardinia
citation_inbook_title=Staufen im Breisgau: Artesisches Grundwasser, Anhydrit und Karst im Konflikt mit geothermischen Bohrungen; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_id=CR44; citation_author=I Sass; citation_author=U Burbaum; citation_author=L Petrat; citation_publisher=17. Tagung für Ingenieurgeologie