Relative humidity as an environmental factor determining the microhabitat of the nymphs of the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

Researches on Population Ecology - 1993
Somchai Isichaikul1, Toshihide Ichikawa1
1Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

Tóm tắt

Microhabitat of the nymphs and the adults of the rice brown, planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens is known to be the lower parts of rice plants. In this study, possible environmental factors determining the range of the microhabitat were experimentally analyzed by using the nymphs under laboratory conditions. Thirty individuals of the 1st or the 3rd instar nymphs were released to a potted rice plant covered with a transparent acrylic cylinder. When the top of the cylinder was kept opening (open condition), the temperatures in the cylinder were almost constant, and relative humidities in the cylinder decreased with the increase of the height from the water surface of the pot. In the open condition, most nymphs and all exuviae were found on the basal parts of rice plants where the humidity was more than ca. 90% r.h. When the top of the cylinder was kept closing with parafilm (closed condition), the temperatures in the cylinder were almost constant, and relative humidities in the cylinder were more than 95% r.h. In the closed condition, the nymphs and the exuviae were distributed sparsely to the whole parts of rice plants. In both of the open and the closed conditions, patterns of nymphal distributions on rice plants during the dark regime were the same as those during the light regime under 25±2°C and 16L∶8D. Four different temperatures ranging from 20°C to 35°C did not influence on the microhabitat in the open condition. It was concluded from the results that relative humidity is the important environmental factor to determine the microhabitat of the nymphs ofN. lugens which showed to prefer very humid condition more than ca. 90% r.h.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bae, S. H. and M. D. Pathak (1970) Life history ofNilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and susceptibility of rice varieties to its attacks.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 63: 149–155.

Buxton, P. A. (1930) Evaporation from the meal-worm (Tenebrio: Coleoptera) and atmospheric humidity.Proc. R. Soc., B 106: 560–577.

Dyck, V. A., B. C. Misra, S. Alam, C. N. Chen, C. Y. Hsieh and R. S. Rejesus (1979) Ecology of the brown planthopper in the tropics. 61–98. InBrown planthopper: threat to rice production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.

Elton, C. (1950) Habitats. 36–47. InThe ecology of animals (3rd Edition). Methuen, London.

Kiritani, K. (1979) Pest management in rice.Ann. Rev. Entomol. 24: 279–312.

Kisimoto, R. (1965) Studies on the polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stål.Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 13: 1–106. (in Japanese with English summary).

Kuno, E. (1968) Studies on the population dynamics of rice leafhoppers in a paddy field.Bull. Kyushu Agric. Exp. Stn. 14: 131–246. (in Japanese with English summary)

Ludwig, D. (1931) Studies on the metamorphosis of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) I. Weight and metabolism changes.J. Exp. Zool. 60: 309–323.

Mochida, O. (1964) On oviposition in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hom., Auchenorrhyncha) II. The number of eggs in an egg group, especially in relation to the fecundity.Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 8: 141–148.

Mochida, O. and T. Okada (1979) Taxonomy and biology ofNilaparvata lugens (Hom., Delphacidae). 21–43. InBrown planthopper: threat to rice production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.

Mochida, O., R. C. Joshi and J. A. Litsinger (1987) Climatic factors affecting the occurrence of insect pests. 149–164. InWeather and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.

Morisita, M. (1962)I δ-index, a measure of dispersion of individuals.Res. Popul. Ecol. 9: 1–7.

Nakasuji, F. and V. A. Dyck (1984) Evaluation of the role ofMicrovelia douglasi atrolineata (Bergroth) (Heteroptera: Veliidae) as predator of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).Res. Popul. Ecol. 26: 134–149.

Noda, H. (1987) Vertical distribution and position of rice planthoppers on the host rice plant (Homoptera: Delphacidae).Jpn. J. Appl. Ent. Zool. 31: 156–161. (in Japanese with English summary)

Okada, T. (1977) Taxonomic characters for identification of the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and its related species in the Asian and Pacific region. 1–26. InThe rice brown planthopper. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taipei.

Pathak, M. D. (1968) Ecology of common insect pests of rice.Ann. Rev. Entomol. 13: 257–294.

Smallman, B. N. (1942) Quantitative characters of the growth and development of a paurometabolous insect,Dixippus (Carausius) morosus Br. et Redt. I. The loss, of water in relation to ecdysis.Proc. R. Soc. Edin. B 61: 167–185.

Sōgawa, K. (1982) The rice brown planthopper: feeding physiology and host plant interactions.Ann. Rev. Entomol. 27: 49–73.

Southwood, T. R. E. (1977) Habitat, the templet for ecological strategies?J. Anim. Ecol. 46: 337–365.

Venkateswarlu, B. and M. B. Kalode (1981) Influence of narrow and broad leaf canopies on population dynamics of brown plant-hopper (N. lugens) in rice.Indian J. Plant Physiol. 24: 183–192.

Waterhouse, F. L. (1955) Microclimatological profiles in grass cover in relation to biological problems.Q. J. R. Metol. Soc. 81: 63–71.

Wigglesworth, V. B. (1948) The structure and deposition of the cuticle in the adult mealworm,Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera).Quart. Journ. Micro. Sci. 89: 197–217.

Wigglesworth, V. B. and J. D. Gillett (1936) The loss of water during ecdysis inRhodnius prolixus Stål (Hemiptera).Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 11: 104–107.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Researches on Population Ecology

Thông tin tác giả