Relation between Average Alcohol Consumption and Disease: An Overview

<i>Objective: </i>To conduct an overview of alcohol-related health consequences and to estimate relative risk for chronic consequences and attributable fractions for acute consequences. <i>Methods: </i>Identification of alcohol-related consequences was performed by means of reviewing and evaluating large-scale epidemiological studies and reviews on alcohol and health, including epidemiological contributions to major social cost studies. Relative risks and alcohol-attributable fractions were drawn from the international literature and risk estimates were updated, whenever possible, by means of meta-analytical techniques. <i>Results:</i> More than 60 health consequences were identified for which a causal link between alcohol consumption and outcome can be assumed. <i>Conclusions: </i>Future research on alcohol-related health consequences should focus on standardization of exposure measures and take into consideration both average volume of consumption and patterns of drinking.