Recommended implementation of arterial spin‐labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - Tập 73 Số 1 - Trang 102-116 - 2015
David C. Alsop1, John A. Detre2, Xavier Golay3, Matthias Günther4,5,6, Jeroen Hendrikse7, Luis Hernández-García8, Hanzhang Lu9, Bradley J. MacIntosh10,11, Laura M. Parkes12, Marion Smits13, Matthias J.P. van Osch14, Danny J.J. Wang15, Eric C. Wong16, Greg Zaharchuk17
1Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
2Departments of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
3Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
4Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
5Mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
6University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
7Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
8FMRI Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
9Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
10Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
11Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
12Centre for Imaging Science, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
13Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
14C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
15Department of Neurology, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
16Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
17Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Tóm tắt

This review provides a summary statement of recommended implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for clinical applications. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group and the European ASL in Dementia consortium, both of whom met to reach this consensus in October 2012 in Amsterdam. Although ASL continues to undergo rapid technical development, we believe that current ASL methods are robust and ready to provide useful clinical information, and that a consensus statement on recommended implementations will help the clinical community to adopt a standardized approach. In this review, we describe the major considerations and trade‐offs in implementing an ASL protocol and provide specific recommendations for a standard approach. Our conclusion is that as an optimal default implementation, we recommend pseudo‐continuous labeling, background suppression, a segmented three‐dimensional readout without vascular crushing gradients, and calculation and presentation of both label/control difference images and cerebral blood flow in absolute units using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 73:102–116, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Tập 73 Số 1

102-116

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