Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

Ecological Monographs - Tập 80 Số 1 - Trang 3-48 - 2010
John Faaborg1, Richard T. Holmes2, Angela D. Anders3,4, Keith L. Bildstein5, Katie M. Dugger6, Sidney A. Gauthreaux7, Patricia J. Heglund8, Keith A. Hobson9, Alex E. Jahn10, Douglas H. Johnson11, Steven C. Latta12, Douglas J. Levey10, Peter P. Marra13, Christopher L. Merkord1, Erica Nol14, Stephen I. Rothstein15, Thomas W. Sherry16, T. Scott Sillett13, Frank R. Thompson17, Nils Warnock18,19
1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
2Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
3Clancy Environmental Consultants, Papahanaumokuakea National Monument, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 USA
4Present address: Natural Resources Branch, EV2 Environmental Planning, NAVFAC Pacific, 258 Makalapa Drive, Suite 1000, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860-3134 USA.
5Acopian Center for Conservation Learning, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 410 Summer Valley Road, Orwigsburg, Pennsylvania 17961 USA
6Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA
7Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 USA
8U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603 USA
9Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OX4 Canada
10Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
11USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, 204 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
12Department of Conservation and Field Research, National Aviary, Allegheny Commons West, 600 West Ohio Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212 USA
13Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, D.C. 20013 USA
14Ecology and Conservation Group, Environment and Life Sciences Graduate Program and Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
15Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA
16Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 USA
17USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, 202 Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
18PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, California 94954 USA
19Present address: Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA.

Tóm tắt

Our understanding of migratory birds' year‐round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research and inform conservation and management; here, we take advantage of our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight recent lessons and critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure to applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation and regulation includes both seasonal and between‐season interactions. (3) The study of movements of small‐bodied species remains a major research frontier. (4) We must increase our understanding of population connectivity. (5) With few exceptions, population regulation has barely been investigated. (6) We have increasingly integrated landscape configuration of habitats, large‐scale habitat disturbances, and habitat quality impacts into models of seasonal and overall demographic success. (7) The post‐breeding season (late summer for latitudinal migrants) is increasingly appreciated for its impacts on demography. (8) We recognize the diverse ways that avian brood parasites, nest predators, and food availability affect demography. (9) Source–sink and meta‐population models help us understand migratory avian distributions among fragmented habitats. (10) Advances in modeling have improved estimates of annual survival and fecundity, but for few species. (11) Populations can be limited by ecological conditions in winter, but habitat needs are poorly known for most species at this time. (12) Migration tends to occupy broad spatial fronts that may change seasonally or when migrants cross major barriers. (13) En route conditions can limit migrant populations; linking migration habitat quality indicators to fitness or population consequences presents a major challenge. (14) A variety of intra‐tropical Neotropical migration patterns are recognizable, but almost nothing is known about these systems beyond descriptions of a few typical species' movements. (15) Global climate change scenarios predict range and phenology shifts of Neotropical migrant bird populations that must be considered in conservation plans. Future studies will depend on new technologies and the integration of modeling with sophisticated, large‐spatial‐scale measurement and parameter estimation; whether the pace of research and management involving migratory birds can match the growth of environmental threats remains to be seen.

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