Recent Advances in the Drying Process of Grains

Food Engineering Reviews - Tập 15 - Trang 548-576 - 2023
Kabiru Ayobami Jimoh1, Norhashila Hashim1,2, Rosnah Shamsudin3, Hasfalina Che Man1,2, Mahirah Jahari1,2, Daniel I. Onwude4
1Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
2Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
3Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
4Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, St. Gallen, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

Grain drying is a vital operation in preparing finished grain products such as flour, drinks, confectioneries and infant food. The grain drying kinetics is governed by the heat and mass transfer process between the grain and the environment. Incomplete, improper and over-drying are crucial to the grain quality and negatively influence the acceptance of the grain by the consumers. Dried grain moisture content is a critical factor for developing grain drying systems and selecting optimal performance by researchers and the grain processing industry. Many grain drying technologies such as fluidised bed dryers, fixed bed dryers, infrared dryers, microwave dryers, vacuum dryers and freeze dryers have been used in recent years. To improve the drying process of grain, researchers have combined some drying technologies such as microwave + hot air, infrared + hot air and microwave + a fluidised bed dryer. Also, they introduce some treatments such as ultrasound dielectric and dehumidification. These methods enhance the dryer performance, such as higher moisture removal, reduced processing time, higher energy efficiency and nutrient retention. Therefore, this review focused on the drying conditions, time, energy consumption, nutrient retention and cost associated with the reduction of moisture content in grain to a suitable safe level for further processing and storage.

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