Realities of bridge resilience in Small Island Developing States

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - 2022
Mark A. Trigg1, Mohammad Saied Dehghani2, Yohannes Y. Kesete3, Andrew B. Carr1, Stephanie G. Trigg4, Dimitrios Zekkos5, David Lopez6, Marta Pertierra6, Cees J. van Westen7, Victor Jetten7, Fred L. Ogden8
1School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
2Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3World Bank Group, Washington District of Columbia, USA
4Independent Geospatial Consultant, Leeds, UK
5Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
6Ines Ingenieros Consultores, Madrid, Spain
7Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
8University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA

Tóm tắt

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are acknowledged as particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events; however, the realities for transport infrastructure and bridges are still poorly studied. Assessing bridges in this context can be challenging due to data scarcity, a lack of local standards, and uncertainty due to climate change. While bridges are designed to connect transport networks, they also carry energy, water, and communication networks, making them critical cascading failure points worthy of special attention in terms of risk assessment and resilience measures. We explore what resilience actually means for the design and management of SIDS bridge infrastructure by applying a post disaster forensics and systems approach that is not reliant on complex methods or large amounts of data. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, we apply it to the island of Dominica, which is regularly impacted by both tropical storms and hurricanes. Our results document the extreme conditions for infrastructure and nearby settlements and the complex interrelated physical processes that occur during these events. We reflect on the implications for design approaches for bridges under these conditions and detail specific recommendations on how the resilience of existing and new bridges can be enhanced through practical measures that are achievable, even within the constraints experienced by those managing bridge infrastructure in SIDS contexts. This work adds to the growing number of studies exploring forensic disaster investigation and systems thinking, but is the first to explore bridge resilience in SIDS.

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